Table 1.
Differences between demographic and infection groups in number of visits and distance travelled for HIV treatment
| N | Total no. visits | F | Per trip distance km | F | Total yearly return km | F | |
| Sex | 2.1 | 4.2* | 6.9** | ||||
| Male | 2945 | 6.1 (5.9, 6.2) | 4.8 (4.7, 5.0) | 59.2 (57.0, 62.1) | |||
| Female | 1038 | 5.8 (5.6, 6.1) | 4.5 (4.3, 4.8) | 53.1 (49.2, 57.0) | |||
| Age (years) | 5.7*** | 4.9*** | 9.7*** | ||||
| 0–14 | 67 | 6.8 (5.9, 8.0) | 6.8 (5.6, 8.0) | 92.9 (74.4, 116.0) | |||
| 15–19 | 27 | 7.4 (5.6, 9.8) | 4.5 (3.1, 6.3) | 65.8 (39.9, 108.6) | |||
| 20–24 | 165 | 5.5 (4.9, 6.2) | 4.3 (3.7, 5.0) | 47.3 (40.1, 55.8) | |||
| 25–29 | 467 | 5.6 (5.2, 6.0) | 4.2 (3.9, 4.5) | 47.2 (42.5, 52.5) | |||
| 30–34 | 674 | 5.4 (5.1, 5.7) | 4.2 (3.9, 4.5) | 45.4 (41.0, 50.1) | |||
| 35–39 | 851 | 5.7 (5.5, 6.1) | 4.8 (4.5, 5.1) | 55.2 (50.9, 59.7) | |||
| 40–44 | 762 | 6.5 (6.1, 6.8) | 5.0 (4.7, 5.5) | 64.9 (59.5, 70.7) | |||
| 45–49 | 439 | 6.9 (6.5, 7.3) | 5.1 (4.7, 5.6) | 70.2 (63.2, 77.7) | |||
| 50–54 | 270 | 6.4 (5.8, 6.9) | 5.1 (4.7, 5.8) | 66.0 (57.8, 75.5) | |||
| 55–59 | 138 | 6.2 (5.5, 7.0) | 5.6 (4.7, 6.6) | 69.0 (56.3, 84.7) | |||
| 60+ | 123 | 6.7 (6.0, 7.4) | 6.3 (5.3, 7.6) | 84.8 (69.7, 103.2) | |||
| Ethnicity | 2.7** | 12.0*** | 12.2*** | ||||
| White | 2649 | 6.1 (6.0, 6.3)a | 5.1 (5.0, 5.3)ae | 63.7 (60.8, 66.6)a | |||
| Black Caribbean | 45 | 6.5 (5.2, 8.2)a | 3.1 (2.3, 4.0)bc | 38.9 (27.4, 55.4)abcd | |||
| Black African | 1082 | 5.8 (5.5, 6.0)ab | 4.0 (3.7, 4.2)bd | 46.0 (42.8, 49.2)cd | |||
| Black Other | 15 | 6.5 (4.7, 9.0)ab | 3.7 (2.4, 5.5)acd | 47.3 (29.3, 77.2)abcd | |||
| Indian/Pakistani/Bangladeshi | 48 | 5.5 (4.6, 6.6)ab | 4.8 (3.7, 6.6)acd | 54.1 (37.3, 78.2)bcd | |||
| Other Asian/Oriental | 46 | 5.5 (4.2, 7.1)ab | 6.8 (5.0, 9.3)a | 74.7 (48.6, 114.9)bd | |||
| Other/Mixed | 75 | 6.0 (5.1, 7.1)ab | 5.5 (4.3, 7.1)ad | 66.0 (48.9, 89.2)bcd | |||
| Unknown | 23 | 3.6 (2.5, 5.1)b | 2.9 (1.4, 5.3)cde | 20.3 (9.3, 44.4)bcd | |||
| Route of Infection | 5.1*** | 17.1*** | 15.2*** | ||||
| Sex between men | 2172 | 6.3 (6.1, 6.5)ab | 4.8 (4.7, 5.0)ab | 60.2 (57.0, 63.1)a | |||
| Injecting drug use | 94 | 5.3 (4.5, 6.2)ab | 5.1 (4.2, 6.3)abc | 53.1 (41.5, 68.6)ab | |||
| Heterosexual | 1526 | 5.7 (5.5, 6.0)ab | 4.5 (4.2, 4.7)ab | 51.2 (48.0, 54.4)b | |||
| Blood/tissue | 57 | 5.9 (5.0, 7.0)ab | 13.2 (10.1, 17.2) | 156.4 (114.9, 212.4)c | |||
| Mother to child | 71 | 7.2 (6.2, 8.3)a | 7.2 (6.1, 8.5)bc | 104.0 (84.3, 128.1)c | |||
| Other/unknown | 63 | 4.9 (3.9, 6.1)b | 5.8 (4.5, 7.2)abc | 56.0 (39.6, 78.9)ab | |||
| Residency | 5.0*** | 18.5*** | 22.2*** | ||||
| UK | 2997 | 6.1 (6.0, 6.3)a | 5.1 (5.0, 5.3) | 63.4 (60.8, 66.0) | |||
| Asylum Seeker | 367 | 5.5 (5.1, 6.0)ab | 3.7 (3.4, 4.2)a | 41.8 (37.0, 47.0)a | |||
| Overseas Student | 109 | 5.2 (4.5, 6.0)ab | 3.5 (2.9, 4.2)a | 35.7 (28.6, 44.4)a | |||
| Other non-UK | 244 | 6.4 (5.8, 6.9)ab | 4.0 (3.5, 4.5)a | 50.5 (43.8, 58.3)a | |||
| Unknown | 266 | 5.3 (4.8, 5.9)b | 3.9 (3.4, 4.3)a | 41.2 (35.1, 48.0)a | |||
| Level of antiretroviral therapy | 147.3*** | 28.9*** | 138.4*** | ||||
| None | 1333 | 4.7 (4.5, 4.9)Ŧ | 4 (3.9, 4.3) | 38.3 (35.7, 40.9)Ŧ | |||
| Mono+, dual+, triple | 1935 | 6.4 (6.2, 6.6)Ŧ | 5.1 (5.0, 5.5)a | 66.0 (62.8, 69.5)Ŧ | |||
| Quadruple or more | 715 | 8.1 (7.7, 8.5)Ŧ | 5.3 (4.8, 5.6)a | 85.3 (78.9, 92.4)Ŧ | |||
| Deprivation and urban category | 1.6 | 198.1*** | 122.9*** | ||||
| Not urban, least deprived | 150 | 5.4 (4.8, 6.0) | 16.1 (14.2, 18.3)T | 173.5 (146.5, 205.0)T | |||
| Urban, least deprived | 1192 | 6.1 (5.9, 6.4) | 6.6 (6.3, 6.9)T | 80.8 (75.3, 86.3)T | |||
| Urban, average deprivation | 1347 | 6.1 (5.8, 6.3) | 4.3 (4.2, 4.7)T | 52.8 (49.6, 56.3)T | |||
| Urban, most deprived | 1294 | 5.9 (5.7, 6.2) | 3.4 (3.2, 3.5)T | 40.6 (38.3, 43.1)T | |||
| Total | 3983 | 6.0 (5.9, 6.2) | 4.8 (4.6, 4.9) | 57.6 (55.4, 59.5) | |||
Figures in brackets are lower and upper confidence intervals. Univariate analysis, ANOVA and means calculated on log transformed variables.
Total mileage is return mileage, and does not equate to number of visits multiplied by length of a single journey, since individuals may have used more than one treatment centre.
+9 individuals on dual, 1 on mono therapy.
Means in the same group with the same superscript letter do not significantly differ after post hoc analysis (Bonferroni multiple comparisons). Multiple comparisons by age are too complex to show here, but are typified by those in the youngest and oldest age groups being significantly higher than those in the 25 to 34 year age groups.
Ŧall means significantly different from each other after Bonferroni multiple comparisons
*** P < 0.001, ** P < 0.01, * P < 0.05