TABLE 1.
UNADJUSTED ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS IN THE MONTH BEFORE SAMPLING AND PERSONAL FACTORS, MAINTENANCE MEDICATION USE, AND SEASON OF NO2 SAMPLING STRATIFIED BY HOUSING TYPE (SOUTHERN NEW ENGLAND, 1998–2000)
| Multifamily Housing
|
Single-Family Housing
|
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Factors | n (%) | Wheeze (%) | Persistent Cough (%) | Shortness of Breath (%) | Chest Tightness (%) | n (%) | Wheeze (%) | Persistent Cough (%) | Shortness of Breath (%) | Chest Tightness (%) |
| Housing group | 242 | 27.0 | 32.6 | 21.6 | 17.4 | 486 | 29.2 | 34.8 | 20.2 | 16.5 |
| Personal factors | ||||||||||
| Sex | ||||||||||
| Male | 151 (62.4) | 28.5 | 34.4 | 22.5 | 17.9 | 307 (63.2) | 31.6 | 35.6 | 21.2 | 16.9 |
| Female | 91 (37.6) | 24.4 | 29.7 | 20.0 | 16.5 | 178 (36.8) | 25.3 | 33.5 | 18.4 | 15.6 |
| Age, yr | ||||||||||
| < 6 | 161 (66.5) | 25.0 | 31.7 | 18.8 | 11.2 | 310 (63.8) | 28.2 | 35.6 | 19.7 | 14.8 |
| ⩾ 6 | 81 (33.5) | 30.9 | 34.6 | 27.2 | 29.6 | 176 (36.2) | 31.2 | 33.5 | 21.0 | 19.3 |
| Ethnicity | ||||||||||
| White, Asian, other | 68 (28.1) | 28.4 | 32.4 | 22.4 | 20.6 | 422 (86.8) | 28.7 | 35.2 | 19.4 | 14.9 |
| Black | 44 (18.2) | 25.0 | 40.9 | 27.3 | 18.2 | 30 (6.2) | 36.7 | 33.3 | 23.3 | 30.0 |
| Hispanic | 130 (53.7) | 26.9 | 30.0 | 19.2 | 15.4 | 34 (7.0) | 29.4 | 32.4 | 26.5 | 23.5 |
| Housing characteristics | ||||||||||
| No. rooms in home | ||||||||||
| < 6 | 203 (83.9) | 27.7 | 33.0 | 20.3 | 17.2 | 85 (17.6) | 32.9 | 36.5 | 22.4 | 22.4 |
| ⩾ 6 | 39 (16.1) | 23.1 | 30.8 | 28.2 | 18.0 | 398 (82.4) | 28.4 | 34.4 | 19.8 | 17.3 |
| Mold/mildew | ||||||||||
| Yes | 95 (39.4) | 30.5 | 39.0 | 25.3 | 21.0 | 215 (44.3) | 27.4 | 30.2 | 22.8 | 15.8 |
| No | 146 (60.6) | 24.8 | 28.8 | 19.3 | 15.1 | 270 (55.7) | 30.9 | 38.3 | 18.2 | 17.0 |
| Water leaks | ||||||||||
| Yes | 72 (29.8) | 34.7 | 38.9 | 26.6 | 20.8 | 167 (34.4) | 31.7 | 41.3 | 25.2 | 19.2 |
| No | 170 (70.2) | 23.7 | 30.0 | 20.7 | 15.9 | 318 (65.6) | 28.1 | 31.2 | 17.6 | 15.1 |
| Maintenance medication use | ||||||||||
| Yes | 94 (38.8) | 44.7 | 44.7 | 38.3 | 28.7 | 276 (56.8) | 34.4 | 41.1 | 23.6 | 20.6 |
| No | 148 (61.2) | 15.6 | 25.0 | 10.9 | 10.1 | 210 (43.2) | 22.5 | 26.7 | 15.7 | 11.0 |
| Season of NO2 sampling | ||||||||||
| Nov–Mar | 97 (40.1) | 35.0 | 42.3 | 28.9 | 25.6 | 177 (36.4) | 35.8 | 45.2 | 26.6 | 22.0 |
| Apr–Oct | 145 (59.9) | 21.5 | 26.2 | 16.7 | 11.7 | 309 (63.6) | 25.6 | 28.9 | 16.5 | 13.3 |
Significant (p < 0.05, χ2 test) differences between children with and without symptoms are shown in boldface type.