Table 3. Kinetic Parameters of the VEGF system (Control Values).

Compartment	In Vitro Measurements		Simulation Control Values (In Vivo Conversions)
	Culture Medium		Blood	Normal	Healthy Calf	Unit
	Value	Unit	Value	Value	Value
VEGF binding to VEGFR1
kon	3·107	M−1 s−1	N/A	1012	2.73·1011	(mol/cm3 tissue)−1s−1
koff	10−3	s−1
Kd	3.33·10−11	M	N/A	10−15	3.67·10−15	mol/cm3 tissue
VEGF binding to VEGFR2
kon	107	M−1 s−1	N/A	3.33·1011	9.09·1010	(mol/cm3 tissue)−1s−1
koff	10−3	s−1
Kd	10−10	M	N/A	3·10−15	1.1·10−14	mol/cm3 tissue
VEGF121 binding to NRP1
kon	0	M−1 s−1
koff	0	s−1
Kd	N/A	M
VEGF165 binding to NRP1
kon	3.125·106	M−1 s−1	N/A	1.04·1011	2.84·1010	(mol/cm3 tissue)−1s−1
koff	10−3	s−1
Kd	3.2·10−10	M	N/A	9.6·10−15	3.52·10−14	mol/cm3 tissue
VEGF165 binding to GAG
kon	4.2·105	M−1 s−1	N/A	1.4·1010	3.82·109	(mol/cm3 tissue)−1s−1
koff	10−2	s−1
Kd	2.38·10−8	M	N/A	7.14·10−13	2.62·10−12	mol/cm3 tissue
VEGFR1 coupling to NRP1
kc	1014	(mol/cm2)−1s−1	N/A	1.37·1012	2.27·1012	(mol/cm3 tissue)−1s−1
kdissoc	10−2	s−1
VEGF·VEGFR2 coupling to NRP1
kc	3.1·1013	(mol/cm2)−1s−1	N/A	4.25·1011	7.05·1011	(mol/cm3 tissue)−1s−1
koff	10−3	s−1
VEGF·NRP1 coupling to VEGFR2
kc	1014	(mol/cm2)−1s−1	N/A	1.37·1012	2.27·1012	(mol/cm3 tissue)−1s−1
koff	10−3	s−1
VEGF binding to sVEGFR1 *
kon	3·107	M−1 s−1	5·1010	1012	2.73·1011	(mol/cm3 tissue)−1s−1
koff	10−3	s−1
Kd	3.33·10−11	M	2·10−14	10−15	3.67·10−15	mol/cm3 tissue
sVEGFR1 coupling to GAG †
kon	4.2·105	M−1 s−1	7·108	1.4·1010	3.82·109	(mol/cm3 tissue)−1s−1
koff	10−2	s−1
Kd	2.38·10−8	M	1.43·10−11	7.14·10−13	2.62·10−12	mol/cm3 tissue
sVEGFR1 binding to NRP1 ‡
kon	5.56·106	M−1 s−1	9.26·109	1.85·1011	5.05·1010	(mol/cm3 tissue)−1s−1
koff	10−2	s−1
Receptor Internalization
kint,R (free receptors)	2.8·10−4	s−1
kint,C (bound receptors)	2.8·10−4	s−1

For in vitro values: * assumed same as VEGF binding to VEGFR1 [95].

^†assumed same as VEGF₁₆₅ binding to GAG.

^‡assumed same k_off as VEGFR1 coupling to NRP1, with k_on calculated to match K_d from literature [14] ; the rest were taken from [54].

Conversions for in vivo values were based on geometry parameters from Table 1: