Antibiotic production by the M145 strain harboring the empty vector pFDZ16, the rrdA null mutant harboring the empty vector pFDZ16, the complemented strain, and the rrdA high-expression strain. Incubation was carried out in the YBP liquid medium at 30°C. The symbols indicate the averages of three independent determinations, and the error bars indicate the standard errors. OD530, optical density at 530 nm; OD640, optical density at 640 nm.