TABLE II.
Multivariate Analysis
| Acceptance Rate | Crude Odds Ratio (95% Confidence Interval) | Adjusted Odds Ratio (95% Confidence Interval) | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study location | ||||
| United States or Canada (n = 638) | 28.1% (179) | 1.00 | 1.00 | – |
| Other countries (n = 535) | 14.2% (76) | 0.43 (0.32-0.57) | 0.51 (0.28-0.92) | 0.026 |
| Conflict-of-interest disclosure* | ||||
| None (n = 653) | 20.1% (131) | 1.00 | 1.00 | – |
| Involving a for-profit company (n = 172) | 32.6% (56) | 1.62 (1.13-2.32) | 1.28 (0.86-1.89) | 0.223 |
| Involving a nonprofit entity (n = 219) | 34.3% (75) | 1.87 (1.35-2.59) | 1.92 (1.35-2.73) | <0.001 |
| Corresponding author sex† | ||||
| Male (n = 1027) | 22.0% (226) | 1.00 | 1.00 | – |
| Female (n = 116) | 24.1% (28) | 1.13 (0.72-1.77) | 1.31 (0.80-2.13) | 0.283 |
| Primary language | ||||
| English (n = 758) | 25.7% (195) | 1.00 | 1.00 | – |
| Non-English (n = 415) | 14.5% (60) | 0.49 (0.35-0.67) | 1.06 (0.57-1.96) | 0.848 |
| Prior publications in leading orthopaedic journals by corresponding author | ||||
| 0 (n = 352) | 15.3% (54) | 1.00 | 1.00 | – |
| 1-9 (n = 496) | 19.6% (97) | 1.34 (0.93-1.93) | 1.22 (0.83-1.79) | 0.319 |
| ≥10 (n = 325) | 32.0% (104) | 2.60 (1.79-3.77) | 2.01 (1.33-3.05) | 0.001 |
| Findings‡ | ||||
| Positive (n = 620) | 21.3% (132) | 1.00 | 1.00 | – |
| Negative or neutral (n = 235) | 23.0% (54) | 1.10 (0.77-1.58) | 0.92 (0.63-1.36) | 0.685 |
| Type | ||||
| Clinical (n = 787) | 23.4% (184) | 1.00 | 1.00 | – |
| Nonclinical (n = 386) | 18.4% (71) | 0.74 (0.54-1.00) | 0.50 (0.31-0.81) | 0.005 |
| Level of evidence§ | ||||
| I or II (n = 178) | 30.9% (55) | 1.00 | 1.00 | – |
| III or IV (n = 544) | 21.5% (117) | 0.60 (0.41-0.88) | 0.50 (0.31-0.81) | 0.005 |
| Prospectiveness | ||||
| No (n = 516) | 23.1% (119) | 1.00 | 1.00 | – |
| Yes (n = 657) | 20.7% (136) | 0.87 (0.66-1.15) | 0.74 (0.50-1.09) | 0.123 |
| Blinding | ||||
| No (n = 1140) | 21.6% (246) | 1.00 | 1.00 | – |
| Yes (n = 33) | 27.3% (9) | 1.36 (0.63-2.97) | 1.09 (0.47-2.51) | 0.840 |
| Controlling | ||||
| No (n = 700) | 21.4% (150) | 1.00 | 1.00 | – |
| Yes (n = 473) | 22.2% (105) | 1.05 (0.79-1.39) | 0.96 (0.68-1.36) | 0.810 |
| Sample size# | ||||
| Small (1-15) (n = 197) | 18.8% (37) | 1.00 | 1.00 | – |
| Medium (16-99) (n = 561) | 21.9% (123) | 1.31 (0.91-1.89) | 1.22 (0.82-1.82) | 0.334 |
| Large (≥100) (n = 328) | 25.0% (82) | 1.56 (1.05-2.31) | 1.20 (0.76-1.88) | 0.439 |
*
Excludes 172 manuscripts for which conflict-of-interest information was missing.
†
Excludes thirty manuscripts for which sex of author was unknown.
‡
Excludes 318 manuscripts with findings classified as not applicable (NA).
§
Excludes 386 nonclinical studies and sixty-five clinical studies with level of evidence classified as not applicable (NA).
#
Excludes eighty-seven manuscripts for which sample size was not reported.