Table 1.

Medication effects on RAAS pathway

Medication	PRC	PRA	Angiotensinogen	Ang I	Ang II		Aldosterone
β-Blocker	↓	↓	–	↓	↓	↓	↓
ACE-I	↑	↑	↓	↑	↓	↑	↓
ARB	↑	↑	↓	↑	↑	↑	↓
Aliskiren	↑↑	↓↓	–	↓	↓	↓	↓
HCTZ	↑	↑	↓	↑	↑	↑	↑
Aliskiren/HCTZ combination	↑↑↑	↓	–	–	–	–	–

Abbreviations: ACE-I, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; Ang I, angiotensin I; Ang II, angiotensin II; Ang _1–7, angiotensin _1–7; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; HCTZ, hydrochlorothiazide; PRA, plasma renin activity; PRC, plasma renin concentration; ↑, increased; ↓, decreased; –, unchanged or unknown.