TABLE 3.

Health care utilization, work days lost and additional household gastroenteritis in patients with and without rotavirus infection^*

	Rotavirus positive (n=186)	Rotavirus negative (n=150)	P†
Health care utilization‡
Physician consultation only	121 (70.8)	107 (84.3)	0.010
ER visit, but not hospitalized	28 (16.4)	15 (11.8)
Hospitalization	22 (12.9)	5 (3.9)
Intravenous rehydration	25 (13.2)	4 (3.2)
Work loss
Families having taken time off work	100 (53.8)	56 (37.3)	0.003
Number of work days lost per family (mean ± SD)	1.5±2.2	0.9±1.7	0.003
Number of work days lost per family having taken time off work (mean ± SD)	2.8±2.3	2.3±2.0	0.194
Distribution (days)
0.5–2	51 (51.0)	37 (66.1)	0.190
2.5–4	28 (28.0)	11 (19.6)
>4	21 (21.0)	8 (14.3)
Additional gastroenteritis in the household§¶
Families reporting other gastroenteritis cases in the household	87 (46.8)	77 (51.3)	0.406
Other household members experiencing gastroenteritis	117/483 (24.2)	120/385 (31.2)	0.080
By age group (years)
<2	11/25 (44.0)	10/21 (47.6)	0.809
2–5	26/71 (36.6)	19/48 (39.6)	0.745
6–18	5/41 (12.2)	8/34 (23.5)	0.236
>18	75/346 (21.7)	83/282 (29.4)	0.061

Data are n (%) of patients, unless otherwise indicated.

^*Percentages reflect only patients for whom the information was available;

^†Statistical significance of the observed differences was determined using the χ² test for distributions of categorical variables, the Student’s t test for means of continuous variables and the log-rank test for durations;

^‡n=171 for rotavirus-positive patients, and n=127 for rotavirus-negative patients;

^§The proportions of other household members experiencing gastroenteritis were compared using a logistic regression model with generalized estimating equations to account for the correlation between members of the same household;

^¶Within two weeks before or after the index case’s baseline physician visit. ER Emergency room