Effects of COX-2 inhibitor on osteoclast differentiation. Mouse bone marrow cells were cultured with EP4, PGE2, 1,25D3, or EP4 + 1,25D3 with and without COX-2 inhibitor (NS-398) for 7 days. TRAP-positive cells were identified as mononuclear (one nucleus), multinuclear (2–10 nuclei), or giant (>10 nuclei) cells. No TRAP+ giant cells were detected in the cultures treated with the COX-2 inhibitor alone. Values are expressed as the mean ± SD for triplicate cultures. aSignificantly different from control (COX-2 inhibitor-treated mouse bone marrow culture) (P<0.05). bSignificantly different from mouse bone marrow culture treated with EP4 + COX-2 inhibitor (P<0.05). CSignificantly different from mouse bone marrow culture treated with 1,25D3 + COX-2 inhibitor (P<0.05).