Table 2.
Shoulder strength (in Nm) in men and women by age
|
Internal Rotation (D) |
Internal Rotation (ND) |
External Rotation (D) |
External Rotation (ND) |
|
| Mean* | Mean* | Mean* | Mean* | |
| Men | 45.2 ± 15.8¶ (n = 60) | 42.8 ± 15.6¶ (n = 60) | 33.6 ± 11.3¶ (n = 81) | 34.0 ± 9.9¶ (n = 60) |
| 18–39 | 46.8 ± 16.5¶ (n = 25) | 45.7 ± 15.6¶,a (n = 25) | 33.6 ± 9.0¶,a (n = 42) | 35.8 ± 9.5¶,a (n = 25) |
| 40–59 | 50.5 ± 16.7¶ (n = 18) | 49.4 ± 15.5¶,b (n = 18) | 40.0 ± 11.8¶,b (n = 21) | 38.6 ± 8.6¶,b (n = 18) |
| 60+ | 37.1 ± 10.1¶ (n = 17) | 31.5 ± 8.8¶,a, b (n = 17) | 25.9 ± 11.2¶,a, b (n = 18) | 26.5 ± 7.7¶,a, b (n = 17) |
| Women | 20.7 ± 7.6¶ (n = 71) | 18.7 ± 6.6¶ (n = 71) | 17.0 ± 4.8¶ (n = 88) | 16.6 ± 5.2¶ (n = 71) |
| 18–39 | 23.2 ± 9.0¶ (n = 28) | 21.0 ± 7.2¶ (n = 28) | 17.2 ± 5.0¶ (n = 43) | 17.5 ± 5.7¶ (n = 28) |
| 40–59 | 18.8 ± 5.7¶ (n = 31) | 17.6 ± 5.6¶ (n = 31) | 17.5 ± 3.7¶ (n = 32) | 16.0 ± 2.9¶ (n = 31) |
| 60+ | 19.8 ± 7.1¶ (n = 12) | 16.2 ± 6.3¶ (n = 12) | 14.8 ± 5.9¶ (n = 13) | 15.8 ± 8.3¶ (n = 12) |
| Total | 31.9 ± 17.1§ (n = 131) | 29.7 ± 16.7§ (n = 131) | 24.9 ± 11.9§ (n = 169) | 24.6 ± 11.6§ (n = 131) |
| 18–39 | 34.3 ± 17.6 (n = 53) | 32.6 ± 17.2 (n = 53) | 25.3 ± 11.0 (n = 85) | 26.2 ± 11.9 (n = 53) |
| 40–59 | 30.5 ± 18.9 (n = 49) | 29.3 ± 18.6 (n = 49) | 26.4 ± 13.7 (n = 53) | 24.3 ± 12.3 (n = 49) |
| 60+ | 30.0 ± 12.4 (n = 29) | 25.1 ± 10.9 (n = 29) | 21.3 ± 10.8 (n = 31) | 22.1 ± 9.5 (n = 29) |
Significant differences between: ¶men and women; §dominant and non-dominant sides; a18–39 and over-60 age categories; b40–59 and over-60 age categories. * Mean ± 1 SD
Abbreviations: D, Dominant arm; ND, Non-dominant arm.