Table 1.

Physiologic levels of valgus torque applied to the simulation model (Adopted from an in vivo study of a 90° lateral sidestep run-to-cut maneuver; Chaudhari et al., 2003). Among 21 subjects, most of the female participants (67%) showed valgus dynamic alignment while most of men (78%) showed neutral or varus alignment. Thus, four physiologic levels of valgus moment were determined as follows:

Type	Peak valgus moment [Nm]
Minimum valgus moment of neutral landers	0
Average valgus moment of neutral landers	8
Average valgus moment of valgus landers	24
Maximum valgus moment of valgus landers	51