Table III.

Effect of Treatment with A. racemosus Extract, Chitosan, or Their Mixture on Microconstituents of Epidermis in Excised and Viable Rat Skin

Formulation	Skin microconstituent extracted (%)
	Cholesterol	Triglyceride	Sphingosine
Skin type: excised
AR (0.5%)	18.198 ± 2.01	6.59 ± 0.59	5.863 ± 0.851
AR (1%)	22.05 ± 2.65	16.54 ± 2.06	13.578 ± 1.87
AR (2.5%)	38.58 ± 3.94	21.681 ± 3.99	19.962 ± 2.06
AR (5%)	43.585 ± 4.68	36.6 ± 4.28	25.731 ± 2.64
AR (10%)	57.732 ± 6.13	38.35 ± 3.64	29.457 ± 3.58
CTN (1%)	19.120 ± 2.17	6.019 ± 0.58	7.346 ± 0.58
CTN (1%) + AR (1%)	69.251 ± 4.35	49.11 ± 2.16	35.99 ± 1.97
Skin type: viable
CTN (1% w/v)
4 h	1.711 ± 0.98	1.91 ± 0.25	0.6872 ± 0.27
12 h	7.105 ± 1.108	12.001 ± 2.01	2.4023 ± 0.077
24 h	2.526 ± 0.99	0.501 ± 0.11	0.28685 ± 0.061
48 h	2.011 ± 0.839	0.489 ± 0.884	0.2015 ± 0.624
AR (1% w/v)
4 h	10.831 ± 0.91	8.993 ± 0.73	6.5016 ± 0.21
12 h	21.33 ± 2.34	14.974 ± 1.68	11.25 ± 1.32
24 h	12.33 ± 1.432	5.392 ± 0.66	5.61 ± 0.68
48 h	6.665 ± 1.24	2.186 ± 0.69	1.008 ± 0.57
AR (1%) + CTN (1%)
4 h	14.263 ± 0.69	12.314 ± 0.68	8.011 ± 0.48
12 h	30.128 ± 3.14	17.124 ± 2.03	15.198 ± 1.99
24 h	13.433 ± 1.58	7.013 ± 0.99	5.294 ± 0.94
48 h	7.125 ± 1.22	2.884 ± 0.28	2.997 ± 0.35