Table 3.
“Ecological correlations and the behavior of individuals” within its historical context
| Year | The historical context in the U.S.(95–99,102) |
|---|---|
| 1929 | Stock market crash and start of Great Depression in the US |
| 1930 | US 1930 Census (data source for Robinson's 1950 article on ecological fallacy) |
| 1932 | Franklin D. Roosevelt elected US president |
| 1933 | Start of the US “New Deal” |
| 1936 | Start of Spanish Civil War; US declares “neutrality” |
| 1939 | Start of World War II |
| 1941 | Pearl Harbor; US enters WWII |
| 1944 | Myrdal G. An American Dilemma: The Negro Problem and Modern Democracy. 2 vols. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1944 |
| 1945 | –US uses atomic bomb on August 6 (Hiroshima) and August 9 (Nagasaki) |
| –End of World War II | |
| –Start of Chinese civil war | |
| –UN founding conference in San Francisco; issue raised of US Jim Crow laws as contrary to human rights.(98) | |
| 1946 | –President Harry S. Truman establishes the “President's Committee on Civil Rights,” leading to the report To Secure These Rights, which stated that “the separate but equal doctrine has failed” (p. 78).(95) |
| –First meeting of the United Nations | |
| 1948 | –Feb 2: President Truman delivers the first speech to Congress by a US president on civil rights, placing it on the national agenda |
| –Disgruntled Southern Democrats form the “States’ Rights Democratic Party,” aka the | |
| “Dixiecrats,” to oppose Truman's civil rights agenda | |
| –Universal Declaration of Human Rights | |
| 1949 | End of Chinese civil war; establishment of Chinese People's Republic |
| NATO established | |
| 1950 | –Publication of Robinson WS. Ecological correlations and the behavior of individuals. Am Sociol Rev 1950; 15:351–357 |
| –Start of the Korean War | |
| –Rise of Senator Joseph McCarthy and the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) | |
| 1953 | End of Korean War |
| 1954 | –May 17: Brown v. Board of Education; US Supreme court nullifies Jim Crow doctrine of “separate but equal” |
| –Congress censures McCarthy | |
| 1955 | Montgomery bus boycott with Rosa Parks and Martin Luther King Jr |
| 1957 | Little Rock, Arkansas: use of federal troop to enforce school integration |
| 1963 | March on Washington (“I have a dream”); bombing of church in Birmingham |
| 1964 | US Civil Rights Act |