Table 2.
Increase/decrease in relative riska, holding everything else constant, for different types of macro-vascular events and death from a change in risk factors levels
| Risk factor (units) | Myocardial infarction, % | Other IHD, % | Congestive heart failure, % | Stroke, % | Event fatality, % | Diabetes mortality, % | Other mortality, % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HbA1c (1% increase) | 13 (7–18) | 13 (6–21) | 17 (5–31) | 14 (5–23) | 12 (1–24) | — | — |
| Systolic blood pressure (10 mmHg increase) | 11 (5–16) | 10 (3–19) | 12 (0.4–25) | 32 (21–43) | — | — | — |
| Total:HDL cholesterol (1 unit increase) | 24b (0–55) | 31b (0–74) | — | 12 (7–18) | — | — | 12 (2–22) |
| Smoking | 41 (17–71) | — | — | 43 (0.4–103) | — | — | 36 (3–79) |
| Body mass index (1 kg/m2 increase) | — | — | 7 (3–10) | — | — | — | — |
| Afro-Caribbean compared with Caucasian/Asian Indian | −73 (−86 to −47) | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Figures are means (95% confidence intervals).
aCalculated using hazard ratios from UKPDS 6816 where a positive(negative) value means increase(decrease) in relative risk.
bEstimated from the UKPDS outcomes model using a patient aged 55 years with the average risk factor levels of the UKPDS population.17