Table 2.
Efficacy of moxibustion, acupuncture or other acupoint stimulations for the correction of breech presentation
| Treatment (n/N, %) |
Control (n/N, %) |
Relative benefit (95% CI) |
P value | |
| Randomized controlled trial | ||||
| Moxibustion on Zhiyin vs no treatment | ||||
| Cardini 1998 [6] | 98/129 (76.0) | 62/106 (58.5) | 1.30 [1.08, 1.57] | 0.006 |
| Huang 1990 [20] | 150/193 (77.7) | 106/200 (53.0) | 1.47 [1.26, 1.71] | < 0.00001 |
| Cardini 2005 [14] | 22/65 (33.8) | 21/58 (36.2) | 0.93 [0.58, 1.51] | 0.78 |
| Meta-analysis | 270/387 (69.8) | 189/364 (51.9) | 1.35 [1.20, 1.51] | < 0.00001 |
| Acupuncture on Zhiyin vs no treatment | ||||
| Habek 2003 [17] | 31/34 (91.2) | 26/33 (78.8) | 1.16 [0.94, 1.42] | 0.16 |
| Acupuncture plus moxibustion on Zhiyin vs no treatment | ||||
| Neri 2004 [15] | 61/120 (50.8) | 43/120 (35.8) | 1.42 [1.05, 1.91] | 0.02 |
| Moxibustion on Zhiyin vs knee-chest position | ||||
| Huang 1990 [20] | 150/193 (77.7) | 115/194 (59.3) | 1.31 [1.14, 1.51] | 0.0001 |
| Lin 2002 [18] | 58/63 (92.1) | 31/59 (52.5) | 1.75 [1.36, 2.26] | < 0.0001 |
| Peng 2006 [12] | 16/40 (40.0) | 20/40 (50.0) | 0.80 [0.49, 1.31] | 0.73 |
| Meta-analysis* | 224/296 (75.7) | 166/293 (56.7) | 1.30 [0.95, 1.79] | 0.1 |
| Moxibustion on Zhiyin plus raising buttocks method vs raising buttocks method | ||||
| Chen 2004 [16] | 67/73 (91.8) | 36/69 (52.2) | 1.76 [1.39, 2.23] | 0.02 |
| Moxibustion on Zhiyin plus knee-chest position vs knee-chest position | ||||
| Yang 2006 [13] | 90/103 (87.4) | 77/103 (74.8) | 1.17 [1.02, 1.34] | < 0.00001 |
| Meta-analysis | 157/176 (89.2) | 113/172 (65.7) | 1.36 [1.21, 1.54] | < 0.00001 |
| Laser stimulation on Zhiyin vs knee-chest position plus pelvis rotating | ||||
| Ye 1998 [19] | 108/133 (81.2) | 73/130 (56.2) | 1.45 [1.22, 1.72] | < 0.0001 |
| Controlled clinical trial | ||||
| Moxibustion on Zhiyin vs no treatment | ||||
| Kanakura 2001 [22] | 123/133 (92.5) | 165/224 (73.7) | 1.26 [1.15, 1.38] | < 0.00001 |
| Cardini 1993 [24] | 16/23 (69.6) | 7/18 (38.9) | 1.79 [0.94, 3.39] | 0.07 |
| Meta-analysis | 139/156 (89.1) | 172/242 (71.1) | 1.29 [1.17, 1.42] | < 0.00001 |
| Acupuncture on Zhiyin vs no treatment | ||||
| Kanakura 2001 [22] | 171/191 (89.5) | 160/217 (73.7) | 1.21 [1.11, 1.33] | < 0.001 |
| Moxibustion on Zhiyin vs knee-chest position | ||||
| Liang 2004 [21] | 144/160 (90.0) | 126/160 (78.8) | 1.14 [1.04, 1.26] | 0.007 |
| Xiong 1991 [26] | 29/30 (96.7) | 16/30 (53.3) | 1.81 [1.29, 2.55] | 0.003 |
| Meta-analysis* | 173/190 (91.1) | 142/190 (74.7) | 6.31 [0.63, 63.17] | 0.12 |
| Laser stimulation on Zhiyin vs knee-chest position | ||||
| Jiang YH 1993 [25] | 218/278 (78.4) | 66/104 (63.5) | 1.24 [1.05, 1.45] | 0.003 |
| Wu 1995 [23] | 314/432 (72.7) | 25/51 (49.0) | 1.48 [1.11, 1.97] | 0.0007 |
| Meta-analysis | 532/710 (74.9) | 91/155 (58.7) | 1.30 [1.10, 1.54] | < 0.00001 |
| Ear acupuncture vs knee-chest position | ||||
| Qin 1989 [27] | 84/99 (84.8) | 26/39 (66.7) | 1.27 [1.00, 1.61] | 0.02 |
| Moxibustion on Zhiyin plus raising buttocks method vs raising buttocks method | ||||
| Wu 1995 [23] | 103/192 (53.6) | 76/145 (52.4) | 1.02 [0.84, 1.25] | 0.82 |
| Laser stimulation on Zhiyin vs raising buttocks method | ||||
| Wu 1995 [23] | 314/432 (72.7) | 76/145 (52.4) | 1.39 [1.18, 1.64] | 0.00001 |
*Random effect model