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Dust emission (Top, g m−2 y−1) and dust aerosol loading (Middle, g m−2) from the SST+DUST experiment and devegetated fraction (Bottom, %) from the SST+CROP experiment, relative to SST-ONLY for 1932–1939. The devegetated fraction is identical in the SST+DUST+CROP experiment, and the dust emissions and loading are similar (discussed further in the SI).
