Fig. 3.

Jaws belonging to victims that fall outside the envelope of survivors in all data partitions (see Fig. 2). (A) †Belonostomus. (B) †Protosphyraena. (C) †Xiphactinus. (D) †Saurodon. (E) †Saurocephalus. (F) †Pachyrhizodus. (G) †Pentanogmius. (H) †Apateodus. (I) †Cimolichthys. (J) †Enchodus. Jaws marked with an asterisk are from taxa where gut contents from that genus or a closely related form indicate predation on large, nektonic prey (SI Appendix; see also Dataset S1 for unprocessed measurements). Measurements used to calculate jaw closing mechanical advantage (input lever: L_I; output lever: L_O; MA = L_I/L_O) are shown in F. Predentary bones of †Saurodon and †Saurocephalus were not used in calculations of MA, and are shown in light gray here. Images are not to the same scale.