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Schematic of models tested. (a) Under model 1, the observed phenotype of the focal individual (yi) is influenced by both the focal individual i and its opponent j. (b) Under model 2, the focal individual effect is decomposed into (direct) additive genetic and environmental components. (c) Under model 3, the opponent effect is similarly decomposed to test for an IGE of individual k on the phenotype of individual i and for covariance between the direct and indirect genetic effects.
