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. 2008 Nov 18;276(1658):871–877. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2008.1407

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Copyright © 2008 The Royal Society

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Optimal values of warning displays and secondary defences for a set of resource states. Open circles represent secondary defences (toxicity) and filled circles represent warning displays. R1–R5 are equally abundant, such that 20% of prey are assigned to one resource group (α=0.01). (a) Equation (2.7a) is employed (in which display and secondary defences interact to protect prey that are being attacked) and resource values between 2 and 10 are used. (b) Equation (2.7b) is employed (in which display and secondary defences do not interact to protect prey that are being attacked) and resource values between 2 and 10 are used. (c) Equation (2.7a) is employed and resource values between 5 and 25 are used. The optimal response varies in a non-monotonic manner between resource groups. (d) Equation (2.7a) is employed and resource values between 15 and 35 are used. The optimal allocation of resources to aposematism now declines monotonically as resource levels increase.