Table 1.
Male hormonal contraceptive efficacy trials
| Study | Number of couples | Azoospermic (%) | Oligozoospermic (%) | Failure to suppressa (%) | Pregnancies (%) | Total failuresb (%) | Overall contraceptive efficacy (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| WHO [5] | 357 | 268 (75) | 81 (23) | 8 (2.2) | 11 (3.1) | 19 (5.3) | 94.7 (92–97) |
| Gu et al. [20] | 305 | 130 (43) | 166 (54) | 9 (2.9) | 1 (0.3) | 10 (3.3) | 96.7 (95–98) |
| Turner et al. [28] | 53 | 49 (93) | 2 (3.6) | 2 (3.6) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (3.6) | 96.4 (91–100) |
| Total | 715 | 447 (62) | 249 (35) | 19 (2.6) | 12 (1.7) | 31 (4.4) | 95.7 (94–97) |
CI, confidence interval; WHO, World Health Organization.
a
To a sperm count less than 3–5 million depending on study.
b
Defined as Pregnancy and/or Failure to suppress to enrollment in the efficacy phase.