Table 4.

Literature review of soft tissue releases for arthrogrypotic clubfeet

Author	Year of publication	Average age at surgery	Number of feet	Procedure	Followup time	Percent satisfactory
Lloyd-Robert and Lettin [33]	1970	NR	14	Soft tissue release	NR	21
Drummond and Cruess [16]	1978	2.7 years	23	PR, TAL	NR	26
Zimbler and Craig [52]	1983	NR	24	PMR with resection of tendons, extensive capsulotomies	NR	91
Carlson et al. [7]	1985	3.6 years	26	PMR	NR	27
Guidera and Drennan [23]	1985	NR	28	PMR	12 years	25
Palmer et al. [38]	1985	3 years	20	PMR	NR	75
Södergård and Ryöppy [44]	1994	3 weeks	52	PMR	16.3 years	64
Niki et al. [37]	1997	7.3 months	41	PMR	37.4 months	27
Widmann et al. [50]	2005	7.4 months	12	PMR with resection of tendons, extensive capsulotomies	4.3 years	75
Khan and Chinoy [30]	2006	12.5 months	5	PMR with resection of tendons	1 year	100

NR = not reported; PMR = posterior medial release; PR = posterior release; TAL = tendo-Achilles lengthening.