Table I.
| Table I (a). ASD and Non-ASD developmental disorders in 97 patients with COS in the NIMH cohort* | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Developmental Disorder | Count | |||
| ASD Diagnosis | 28 | |||
| PDD-NOS | 24 | |||
| Asperger | 1 | |||
| Autism | 3 | |||
| No-ASD diagnosis, but with a prior Developmental Disorder | 39 | |||
| Language Development Problems | 29 | |||
| Rhythm | 0 | |||
| Articulation | 12 | |||
| Comprehension | 11 | |||
| Production | 14 | |||
| Mutism | 2 | |||
| Speech Delay | 19 | |||
| Motor Developmental Problems | 24 | |||
| Tics | 1 | |||
| Repetition | 8 | |||
| Clumsiness | 10 | |||
| Motor Delay | 15 | |||
| Failure to develop age-appropriate social behaviors | 13 | |||
| No ASD or developmental language, motor or social disorder (ASD type) | 30 | |||
| Table I (b). Characteristics of PDD-NOS in patients with COS in the NIMH cohort (n=101) | ||||
| Impaired Social Interaction | ||||
| Impaired ability to initiate or sustain social conversation | 58% | |||
| Social withdrawal/poor social skills | 58% | |||
| No age-appropriate friendships | 42% | |||
| Impaired cooperative play | 47% | |||
| Problems with imaginary play | 21% | |||
| CHILDREN WITH ONE OR MORE SOCIAL IMPAIRMENT | 100% | |||
| CHILDREN WITH TWO OR MORE SOCIAL IMPAIREMENTS | 74% | |||
| Verbal/nonverbal Communication | ||||
| Incorrect pronoun use | 16% | |||
| Language delay | 37% | |||
| Lack of facial expressions | 53% | |||
| Poor nonverbal communication | 16% | |||
| Idiosyncratic language | 47% | |||
| CHILDREN WITH ONE OR MORE COMMUNICATION IMPAIRMENT | 84% | |||
| CHILDREN WITH TWO OR MORE COMMUNICATION IMPAIRMENTS | 53% | |||
| Restricted, Repetitive and Stereotyped Behavior Patterns | ||||
| Inflexible adherence to routines and rituals | 42% | |||
| Repetitive movement | 37% | |||
| Encompassing preoccupation / Restricted interests | 47% | |||
| CHILDREN WITH ONE OR MORE BEHAVIOR IMPAIRMENT | 74% | |||
| CHILDREN WITH TWO OR MORE BEHAVIOR IMPAIRMENTS | 37% | |||
| Echolalia | 53% | |||
| CHILDREN IMPAIRED IN ALL THREE CATEGORIES | 58% | |||
| CHILDREN IMPAIRED IN TWO OR MORE CATEGORIES | 100% | |||
| SOCIAL & COMMUNICATION IMPAIRMENT | 84% | |||
| COMMUNICATION & BEHAVIOR IMPAIRMENT | 58% | |||
| SOCIAL & BEHAVIOR IMPAIRMENT | 74% | |||
| Table I (c). Childhood Onset Schizophrenia 70: PDD vs. Non-PDD | ||||
| Clinical and Demographic Characteristics | ||||
| PDD (n=28) Mean (SD) |
Non-PDD (n=73) Mean (SD) |
t (df=94-68) |
p | |
| ASQ Score | 18.67 (7.85) | 4.12 (4.35) | 11.08 | <0.001 |
| SES | 54.73 (29.51) | 63.88 (29.76) | 1.34 | 0.18 |
| Age of Psychosis Onset | 9.76 (2.18) | 10.35 (1.94) | 1.27 | 0.21 |
| IQ | 79.33 (15.50) | 74.10 (18.84) | 1.06 | 0.29 |
| GAS | 32.84 (12.18) | 33.29 (10.84) | 0.17 | 0.86 |
| Sex - % male | 71% | 52% | X2(df=1) = 3.11 | 0.08 |
| Race - % AfrAmer:Oth:Cauc | 14%:21%:64% | 33%:26%:41% | X2(df=2) = 4.99 | 0.083 |
*
97 out of 101 with complete data
ASD-Autism Spectrum Disorder, PDD-NOS- Pervasive Developmental Disorder Not Otherwise Specified.
SD- Standard Deviation, dF- Degrees of Freedom, X2 – chi squared, ASQ-Autism Screening Questionnaire, SES- Socio-Economic Status, GAS – Global Assessment of Severity, AfrAmer-African American, Oth- Other, Cauc-Caucasian