. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Dec 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2008 Dec 1;49(4):422–431. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0b013e31818a6cb5

Table 1. Intervention Theories.

Theory	Intervention	Assessment
Tipping point for social change – maximizing the proportion of individuals who know HIV status will influence norms mediated by social networks¹⁶	Easy Community Access to VCT to increase the percentage of the population aware of HIV status through increased availability of VCT in community settings	Behavioral risk Rates of HIV testing Social norms of HIV testing Frequency of discussions of HIV in communities
Diffusion of innovation – early adopters of innovative behavior influence others in their social network¹⁵	Community outreach and mobilization using outreach coordinators and recruiting early testers as community outreach workers	Rates of HIV testing Social norms of HIV testing Frequency of discussions of HIV in communities HIV-related stigma, community level
Social action model – reduction in HIV transmission will be influenced by self-regulatory skills, contextual issues, and mood²²	Post-test support through post-test clubs with peer-based social support groups	Social benefits and harm Frequency of disclosure of HIV status HIV-related stigma, personal level among those infected Behavioral risk of transmitting HIV among infected individuals
Combined	Combined	Prevalence of recent HIV infection Incremental cost-effectiveness