Table 1.

Biomarkers That Have Been Proposed for Gastrointestinal Tumors

Colon Biomarkers	Esophagus Biomarkers	Pancreas Biomarkers	Stomach Biomarkers
FAP	Ki-67, P53, P16, COX-2, EGFR,	CA19-9, CEA, K-ras,	cagA, vacA, babA2, IL1
APC	EGF, TGF-α, β-catenin,	P53, P16, MIC-1,	gene, PGI, PGII, IgG
HNPCC	E-cadherin, c-erb-b2, cyclin	cyclin D2, TSLC1,	H. pylori
hMSH2, hMLH1, hPMS1, hPMS2,	D1	SPARC
hMSH3, hMSH6	LOH: 17p/P53, 9p/P16	Mitochondrial DNA
Sporadic	Aneuploidy, tetraploidy,	mutation
Tumor suppressor: P53, DCC, APC	Y-chromosome loss
Oncogenes: Myc, ras, src, erbB2,
MMR genes