Table 2.

Association of zinc intake from supplement use and diet assessed at baseline with prostate cancer among 35,244 men in VITAL cohort.

Zinc Intake	No prostate cancer (N=34412)		Prostate cancer (N= 832)		Multivariate Adjusted HRa	Multivariate Adjusted 95% CI
	Nb	%	Nb	%
Single zinc supplement use
None	30272	88.4	729	88.4	1.0	1.0
Past	844	2.5	19	2.5	0.80	0.49-1.30
Current	3133	9.2	79	9.2	0.88	0.69-1.11
Single zinc supplement years taken
None	30278	89.0	729	88.7	1.0
1-3	1497	4.4	35	4.3	0.86	0.61-1.23
4-6	897	2.6	23	2.8	0.91	0.59-1.39
7-9	406	1.2	5	0.6	0.35	0.13-0.93
10	962	2.8	30	3.7	1.04	0.71-1.51
p-trend					0.34
Single zinc supplement amount/day (mg/day)
None	30278	89.0	729	89.9	1.0
15	1497	4.4	32	4.0	0.76	0.53-1.09
30	769	2.3	17	2.1	0.77	0.47-1.26
60	818	2.4	27	3.3	1.13	0.76-1.67
100	244	0.7	6	0.7	0.88	0.39-1.67
p-trend					0.60
10-yr avg. supplemental zinc (mg/day)c
None	13472	39.3	285	34.5	1.0
0.1-7.5	8168	23.9	185	22.4	0.85	0.64-1.14
7.51-15	8343	24.4	239	28.9	0.91	0.67-1.25
15.1-80	4264	12.5	118	14.3	0.82	0.58-1.14
p-trend					0.44
Dietary zinc (mg/day)
0-10	7932	25.0	213	27.5	1.0
10.1-13.2	7964	25.0	180	23.3	0.84	0.68-1.02
13.21-17.2	7947	25.0	199	25.7	0.98	0.81-1.20
17.2-70.0	7962	25.0	182	23.5	0.92	0.75-1.12
p-trend					0.73
Total zinc (mg/day)d
0-13.3	7927	25.0	181	23.5	1.0
13.31-19.7	7945	25.1	165	21.4	0.93	0.75-1.17
19.71-27.6	7901	25.0	208	27.0	1.02	0.81-1.29
27.61-152	7892	24.9	216	28.1	0.98	0.77-1.25
p-trend					0.95

^aMultivariate HRs adjusted for education, race, family history, PSA-test within the 2 years prior to baseline, and current multivitamin use

^bNumbers do not add up to total number due to missing data: for all variables missing data is <5%, with the exception of dietary zinc (7.6% of no prostate cancer participants and 7.0% of cases), and total zinc (8.0% of no prostate cancer participants and 7.5% of cases)

^c10-yr average supplemental zinc includes individual zinc supplements and multivitamins

^dTotal zinc = dietary zinc + 10-yr average supplemental zinc