Table 1.
Objectlikeness ratings, adult and child semantic set sizes and neighbors for nonobjects with small and large semantic set sizes.
| Nonobject1 | Adult Characteristics | Child Characteristics | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Objectlikeness Rating1 | Semantic Set Size2 | Semantic Neighbors (Strength)2 | Semantic Set Size2 | Semantic Neighbors (Strength)2 | |
| Small Semantic Set Size | |||||
71 |
4.6 | 7 | shoe (0.49), slippers (0.09), dance (0.07), feet (0.06), ballet (0.05), footwear (0.02), sandal (0.02) | 8 | shoe (0.45), slippers (0.12), ballet shoe (0.04), crocodile (0.04), hat (0.04), alligator (0.02), pants (0.02) scissors (0.02) |
75 |
3.3 | 8 | ear (0.27), hear (0.07), ring (0.05), leaf (0.04), loop (0.04), key (0.02), o (0.02), tree (0.02) | 9 | ear (0.09), raindrop (0.04), circle (0.02), clip (0.02), ham (0.02), horseshoes (0.02), o (0.02), pretzel (0.02) tape (0.02) |
48 |
3.1 | 8 | tool (0.15), wrench (0.07), pliers (0.06), scissors (0.06), key (0.05), cut (0.04), vice (0.04), maze (0.02) | 6 | scissors (0.13), cut (0.02), hair (0.02), knife (0.02), rocket (0.02), tooth (0.02) |
68 |
3.2 | 8 | book (0.16), computer (0.11), type (0.10), keyboard (0.09), read (0.05), glasses (0.02), knowledge (0.02), radio (0.02) | 10 | computer (0.21), house (0.08), book (0.05), door (0.05), refrigerator (0.04), cup holder (0.02), glasses (0.02), milk (0.02), pancake (0.02), roof (0.02) |
79 |
3.6 | 8 | ear (0.13), food (0.07), bowl (0.05), butterfly (0.05), pea (0.05), marble (0.02), pie (0.02), vase (0.02) | 9 | ball (0.04), bowling balls (0.03), butterfly (0.03), pea (0.03), bathtub (0.02), bead (0.02), mouth (0.02), pie (0.02), wing (0.02) |
| X | 3.6 | 8 | 8 | ||
| SD | 0.6 | 0.5 | 1.5 | ||
| Large Semantic Set Size | |||||
29 |
3.3 | 12 | can (0.26), mug (0.07), open (0.07), coffee (0.05), trash (0.05), can opener (0.04), cup (0.04), drum (0.02), pot (0.02), soda (0.02), trash can (0.02), turn (0.02) | 11 | can (0.20), cup (0.16), trash can (0.05), drum (0.04), jar (0.03), can opener (0.02), coffee (0.02), coffee cup (0.02), door handle (0.02), drawer (0.02), drink (0.02) |
59 |
4.3 | 11 | animal (0.17), rabbit (0.16), kangaroo (0.09), bug (0.05), dinosaur (0.05), run (0.05), beaver (0.04), squirrel (0.04), Australia (0.02), fly (0.02), insect (0.02) | 17 | dinosaur (0.11), dog (0.09), squirrel (0.05), animal (0.04), fish (0.04), skunk (0.04), hand (0.03), raccoon (0.03), anteater (0.02), beaver (0.02), bee (0.02), bug (0.02), crab (0.02), fox (0.02), lizard (0.02), mouse (0.02), turtle (0.02) |
52 |
3.3 | 12 | lamp (0.16), horn (0.11), light (0.05), instrument (0.04), music (0.04), band (0.02), clean (0.02), loop (0.02), play (0.02), shower (0.02), vacuum (0.02), water (0.02) | 12 | vacuum (0.11), horn (0.08), light (0.08), hose (0.04), sink (0.04), trumpet (0.04), ear (0.03), instrument (0.03), lamp (0.03), shower (0.03), faucet (0.02), car (0.02) |
80 |
4.8 | 12 | trumpet (0.07), instrument (0.06), music (0.06), horn (0.05), ghost (0.04), tool (0.04), twist (0.04), band (0.02), butterfly (0.02), gun (0.02), stick (0.02), stuck (0.02) | 11 | trumpet (0.05), airplane (0.04), car (0.03), music (0.03), tool (0.03), eye (0.02), head (0.02), horn (0.02), instrument (0.02), person (0.02), tuba (0.02) |
13 |
3.6 | 12 | can (0.07), rope (0.07), fire (0.04), scar (0.04), art (0.02), detach (0.02), dress (0.02), instrument (0.02), jaw (0.02), neck (0.02), trap (0.02), vase (0.02) | 16 | bag (0.05), drum (0.05), cake (0.04), dress (0.04), apple (0.03), bone (0.03), can (0.03), cup (0.03), horn (0.03), boot (0.02), hat (0.02), ice (0.02), maraca (0.02), paper (0.02), scarf (0.02), sock (0.02) |
| X | 3.9 | 12 | 13 | ||
| SD | 0.7 | 0.5 | 2.9 | ||
1
Reprinted from Kroll, J. F., & Potter, M. C. (1984). Recognizing words, pictures, and concepts: A comparison of lexical, object, and reality decisions. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 23, 39–66, with permission from Elsevier. Note that lower objectlikeness ratings indicate a nonobject that looks more like a real object, whereas higher ratings indicate a nonobject that looks less like a real object.
2
Storkel & Adlof (2007). Neighbors are listed in order from strongest to weakest. Child neighbors that are adult neighbors are in italics.