Table 3.
Association between “junk food” intake at age 4½ years and behavioural problems at age 7
| Total difficulties (n=3990) | Hyperactivity (n=4430) | Conduct Problems (n=4091) | Emotional Problems (n=4541) | Peer problems (n=4469) | Prosocial behaviour (n=4400) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR* | 95%CI | OR* | 95%CI | OR* | 95%CI | OR* | 95%CI | OR* | 95%CI | OR* | 95%CI | |
| Unadjusted | 1.06 | 0.98, 1.15 | 1.19 | 1.10, 1.29 | 1.08 | 0.98, 1.18 | 1.03 | 0.96, 1.10 | 0.99 | 0.92, 1.07 | 0.98 | 0.91, 1.05 |
| Adjusted for confounders** | 1.03 | 0.94, 1.13 | 1.16 | 1.07, 1.27 | 1.05 | 0.95, 1.16 | 1.01 | 0.94, 1.09 | 0.95 | 0.88, 1.04 | 0.98 | 0.91, 1.06 |
| Adjusted** association within subset with IQ data | 1.05 | 0.94, 1.17 | 1.16 | 1.04, 1.28 | 1.04 | 0.92, 1.17 | 1.02 | 0.94, 1.12 | 0.97 | 0.87, 1.07 | 0.99 | 0.90, 1.08 |
| Further adjustment for IQ score (within subset) | 1.02 | 0.92, 1.14 | 1.13 | 1.01, 1.25 | 1.01 | 0.89, 1.14 | 1.01 | 0.93, 1.11 | 0.95 | 0.86, 1.06 | 0.98 | 0.89, 1.08 |
| Sensitivity analyses using MICE to impute missing data (fully adjusted models)# | ||||||||||||
| model 1 | 1.17 | 1.04, 1.33 | 1.14 | 1.02, 1.27 | 1.05 | 0.96, 1.14 | 1.11 | 1.01, 1.21 | 1.04 | 0.94, 1.15 | 0.96 | 0.88, 1.06 |
| model 2 | 1.19 | 0.99, 1.43 | 1.14 | 1.00, 1.31 | 1.06 | 0.95, 1.18 | 1.10 | 0.97, 1.25 | 1.04 | 0.95, 1.15 | 0.99 | 0.86, 1.14 |
*
OR represents the increase in odds of behavioural problems per 1 standard deviation (SD) increase in “junk” food score (based on factor analysis)
**
Adjusted for SDQ total difficulties or sub-scale score at age 4½ yrs, sex of child, maternal smoking, maternal age at birth of child, number of siblings, socio-economic markers, birth weight and gestational age, maternal depression and anxiety, maternal enjoyment score, and single parent household.
#
Using a range of different variables in the imputation models. See footnote to Table 5 for the differences between model 1 and 2