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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Lung Cancer. 2008 Jul 9;63(3):341–347. doi: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2008.05.025

Figure 5. Expression of Stat3-up-regulated genes in COPD from smokers.

Figure 5

Expression of Stat3 up-regulated genes was measured by quantitative Real-Time PCR and normalized by GAPDH mRNA expression. Numbers in each column represent average ΔCt. Average fold changes were determined by 2(ΔΔCt), in which ΔΔCT= ΔCt(normal human samples) − ΔCt(COPD from smokers). Numbers on the bottom represent average fold changes compared to the normal human samples. Normal human samples were set up as one. Nor: normal samples. COPD: COPD samples from smokers.