Table 1.

General, socio-economic, water and sanitation characteristics of the three exposure groups (values in parantheses are one standard deviation)

	Zone A	Zone B	Zone C	Test Statistic	P value
	n = 240	n = 354	n = 413
Age
Adult	64.6%	61.3%	64.6%	χ2=1.1	0.58
Child	35.4%	38.7%	35.4%
Period worked in irrigated agriculture (years)	11.4 (12.4)	10.3 (12.1)	12.1 (13.7)	F = 1.9	0.16
Gender
Female	63.8%	46.6%	48.7%	χ2=19	<0.001
Male	36.2%	53.3%	51.3%
Education
Illiterate	59.0%	49.7%	50.6%	χ2=7.7	0.10
< 6 years	14.2%	16.9%	19.9%
≥ 6 years	26.8%	33.3%	29.5%
Caste
Economic weak	68.3%	52.8%	33.9%	χ2=163	<0.001
Economic strong	31.7%	47.2%	66.1%
Land ownership (acres)	2.6 (1.7)	1.4 (1.1)	1.9 (1.8)	F = 4.7	<0.001
Presence of latrine
No	13.8%	42.1%	50.4%	χ2=88	<0.001
Yes	86.3%	57.9%	49.6%
Preferred defecation
Open defecation	22.9%	47.9%	44.6%	χ2=42	<0.001
Latrine	77.1%	52.1%	55.4%
Use of footwear
Never	27.8%	62.3%	40.5%	χ2=93	<0.001
Sometimes	43.3%	34.6%	48.0%
Always	29.9%	3.1%	11.5%
Type of water supply
Outside the HH*	55.0%	67.8%	100%	χ2=149	<0.001
HH* connection	45.0%	32.2%	0%
Soap used last time when hands were washed
No	99.6%	93.1%	98.3%	χ2=24	<0.001
Yes	0.4%	7.0%	1.8%

^*HH= Household