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. 2009 Mar;174(3):829–841. doi: 10.2353/ajpath.2009.080012

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Expression of MMP-9, COX-1, and COX-2 in human CC tissues. A: Representative histology of CC (a) and the immunohistochemical staining of MMP-9 (b and e), COX-1 (c and f), and COX-2 (d and g). a: A representative histology of CC. H&E. b: MMP-9 is strongly and diffusely expressed in the cytoplasm of almost all CC cells. Immunohistochemistry of MMP-9. c: COX-1 is expressed diffusely in the cytoplasm of CC cells. Immunohistochemistry of COX-1. d: COX-2 is expressed strongly and diffusely in the cytoplasm and membrane of almost all CC cells. Immunohistochemistry of COX-2. e: MMP-9 is not expressed in the nonneoplastic bile ducts in the adjacent normal tissue. f: COX-1 is faintly expressed in the nonneoplastic bile ducts in the adjacent normal tissue. g: COX-2 is faintly expressed in the nonneoplastic bile ducts in the adjacent normal tissue. B: Frequency and degree of immunohistochemical expression of MMP-9, COX-1, and COX-2 in CC tissues (110 cases of CC). C: Double-immunofluorescent staining of MMP-9 (a) (Alexa Fluor 594, red) and COX-2 (b) (Alexa Fluor 488, green) and their merged images (c) and that of MMP-9 (d) (Alexa Fluor 594, red) and COX-1 (e) (Alexa Fluor 488, green) and their merged images (f) in CC. A subset of CC cells are positive for COX-1 alone, whereas another subset of CC cells are positive for both MMP-9 and COX-1. The majority of CC cells are positive for MMP-9 and COX-2, and the merging of double-positive tumor cells gives a yellow color (c), whereas the expression of MMP-9 and COX-1 are dissimilar in CC; some cells expressed MMP-P and the others expressed both proteins. Original magnifications, ×400 (A).