Table 3.
Hypothetical biological/molecular functions of identified larval proteins released during in vitro transformation of Schistosoma mansoni miracidia to primary sporocysts at 24 hr of cultivation in snail saline (CBSS). S, putative secretory protein; N, putative nonsecretory protein.
Protease/protein degradation/inhibition | |||
Calpain 4, 6, 7 | Smp_157500 | S | endopeptidase, cys-type; Ca-dependent |
Alpha-2-macroglobulin related | Smp_089670 | S | endopeptidase inhibitor |
DJ-1/PfpI family protein | Smp_082030 | S | serine-type peptidase (S51 family) |
Ubiquitin (ribosomal L40e family domain) | Smp_089430 | S | ubiquitin-proteosome protease complex |
Dipeptidylpeptidase III | Smp_019010 | N | exopeptidase; cytoplasmic |
Cystatin B, putative | Smp_006390 | N | cysteine protease inhibitor |
Proteosome subunit (β-type); | Smp_025800 | N | ubiquitin-proteosome protease complex |
Proteosome subunit (β-type) | Smp_034490 | N | ubiquitin-proteosome protease complex |
Proteosome subunit (alpha-type) | Smp_067890 | N | ubiquitin-proteosome protease complex |
Proteosome subunit (alpha-type) | Smp_070930 | N | ubiquitin-proteosome protease complex |
Leishmanolysin-like protease | Smp_167070 | N | metalloendopeptidase; M8 family |
Protein folding/stress/chaperone | |||
Major egg antigen (p40) (HSP20) | Smp_049230/50 | S | heat-shock protein; alpha-crystallin-like |
Major egg antigen (HSPβ1; HSP27) | Smp_049240 | S | heat-shock protein; stress response; chaparone |
HSP70 | Smp_049550 | S | heat-shock protein; stress response; chaparone |
Immunophilin (FKBP12 binding) | Smp_079230 | S | peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase; protein folding |
Leucine-rich transmembrane protein | Smp_147470 | S | protein-protein interaction; adhesion |
Egg protein C122-like | Smp_032670.2 | S | R-spondin-like; stress response |
Cyclophilin (CS-A binding) | Smp_040130 | N | peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase; protein folding |
Major surface antigen (HSP70 homologue) | Smp_106930 | N | ATP-binding; stress response; chaparone |
HSP90 (83 kDa HSP) | Smp_072330 | N | ATP-binding; stress response; chaparone |
HSP70-related | Smp_069130.1 | N | ATP-binding; stress; DnaK family protein |
Redox/anti-oxidant/electron transport | |||
Glutathione-S-transferase omega | Smp_152710.1 | S | redox; anti-oxidant |
Glutathione-S-transferase 26 kDa | Smp_163610 | S | redox; anti-oxidant; xenobiotic metabolism |
Copper/zinc superoxide dismutase, putative | Smp_176200.1/2 | S | redox; anti-oxidant |
Thioredoxin peroxidase/peroxiredoxin | Smp_158110.1/2 | S | redox; anti-oxidant |
Protein inhibitor of NOS (PIN); dynein lg chain | Smp_040680 | S | microtubule; motor activity; anti-oxidant |
Heme binding protein 2-related | Smp_016730 | S | heme binding; anti-oxidant |
Peptidyl-gly α-amidating monooxygenase | Smp_010820 | S | redox; protein metabolism |
Thioredoxin | Smp_008070 | N | redox; anti-oxidant |
Peptidyl-gly α-hydroxylating monooxygenase | Smp_145300 | N | redox; protein metabolism |
Malate dehydrogenase, NAD-dependent | Smp_047370 | N | redox; glycolysis |
Glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase | Smp_030500.1 | N | redox; CHO metabolism |
Carbonyl reductase (short-chain dehydrogenase) | Smp_033540 | N | redox; antioxidant |
Glutathione-S-transferase 26 kDa | Smp_102070 | N | redox; anti-oxidant; xenobiotic metabolism |
Glutathione-S-transferase 28 kDa | Smp_054160 | N | redox; anti-oxidant; xenobiotic metabolism |
Hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase | Smp_091010 | N | redox; detoxication; xenobiotic metabolism |
Cytochrome c | Smp_033400 | N | redox; electron transport |
Cytosolic malate dehydrogenase | Smp_035270.2 | N | redox; glycolysis |
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosph. dehydrogenase | Smp_056970.1 | N | redox; glycolysis |
Microtubule/motility | |||
20.7 kDa tegumental protein; dynein light chain | Smp_077310 | S | microtubule; motor activity; EF-hand domain |
Protein inhibitor of NOS (PIN); dynein lg chain | Smp_040680 | S | microtubule; motor activity; anti-oxidant |
WD-repeat protein | Smp_073940 | S | actin-binding, putative |
β-tubulin | Smp_030730 | N | microtubule; motor activity; GTP-binding |
22.6 kDa antigen; dynein light chain | Smp_086470 | N | microtubule; motor activity; EF-hand domain |
α-tubulin | Smp_016780 | N | microtubule; motor activity; GTP-binding |
Actin-1 | Smp_046590.2 | N | cytoskeletal protein; motility; ATP-binding |
Carbohydrate (CHO) metabolism | |||
α-galactosidase/α-N-acetylgalactominidase | Smp_179250 | S | carbohydrase; CHO binding |
Endoglycoceramidase | Smp_120050 | S | glycosidase; CHO binding |
Egg protein C122-like | Smp_032670.2 | S | heparin-binding, putative |
Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase | Smp_022400 | N | CHO metabolism; glycolysis; gluconeogenesis |
Eukaryotic phosphomannomutase | Smp_087860 | N | hexose metabolism; mannose biosynthesis |
Triosephosphate isomerase | Smp_003990 | N | CHO metabolism; glycolytic activity |
Transketolase | Smp_059790.2 | N | CHO metabolism; glycolysis; pentose-P shunt |
α-N-acetylgalactosaminidase | Sm06626 | N | carbohydrase activity; CHO binding |
Glycogen phosphorylase | Smp_143840 | N | glucose phosphorylation; Glc-1-P synthesis |
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PepCK) | Smp_005880 | N | CHO metabolism; gluconeogenesis; GTP binding |
Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase class I | Smp_042160.2 | N | CHO metabolism; glycolysis |
Transaldolase | Smp_070600 | N | CHO metabolism; glycolysis-pentose-P shunt |
Lactate dehydrogenase | Smp_038950 | N | CHO metabolism; glycolysis |
Phosphopyruvate hydratase (enolase) | Smp_024110 | N | CHO metabolism; glycolysis |
Phosphoglycerate mutase | Smp_096760 | N | CHO metabolism; glycolysis |
Malate dehydrogenase (cytosolic) | Smp_035270.2 | N | CHO metabolism; glycolysis; TCA cycle |
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase | Smp_056790.1 | N | CHO metabolism; glycolysis |
Kinases/phosphorylases | |||
Adenylate kinase | Smp_071390 | S | phosphotransferase; ATP binding |
ATP:guanidine kinase smc74 | Smp_194770 | N | creatine kinase-like phosphotransferase |
Nucleotide diphosphate kinase | Smp_092750 | N | NTP biosynthesis (CTP, GTP, UTP) |
Guanylate kinase (mannosidase, endo-a iso.1) | Smp_016880 | N | Nucleotide binding; GMP cycling; cGMP synth. |
Uridine phosphorylase | Smp_082420 | N | glycosyltransferase; uridine binding |
Methylthioadenosine phosphorylase-related | Smp_171620 | N | transferase; purine metabolism |
Purine nucleoside phosphorylase | Smp_090520 | N | phosphorylase family 2 |
Protein kinase | Smp_152330 | N | cAMP-dependent; catalytic subunit |
Myotonic dystrophy s/t kinase-related | Smp_151140 | N | Serine-threonine kinase |
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PepCK) | Smp_005880 | N | CHO metabolism; gluconeogenesis; GTP binding |
Glycogen phosphorylase | Smp_143840 | N | CHO metabolism; Glu-1-phosphate synthesis |
Phosphoglycerate kinase | Smp_018890 | N | CHO metabolism; glycolysis |
Ion-binding proteins | |||
20.7 kDa tegumental protein (dynein light chain) | Smp_077310 | S | Ca-binding; EF-hand domain; motor activity |
Annexin | Smp_164100 | S | Ca-binding; EF-hand dom.; phospholipid-binding |
Calmodulin | Smp_026560.1 | S | Ca-binding; EF-hand dom.; regulation |
Calpain 4, 6, 7 | Smp_157500 | S | Ca-dependent protease |
Program cell death protein (sorcin-related) | Smp_136640 | S | Ca-binding; EF-hand dom.; regulation |
Superoxide dismutase, putative | Smp_176200.1/2 | S | Cu/Zn-binding; dismutase activity; anti-oxidant |
Heme binding protein 2-related | Smp_016730 | S | Fe-heme binding; transport; storage |
Ferritin 1 light chain | Smp_047650 | S | Fe-binding; cellular iron transport; storage |
Voltage-gated potassium channel | Smp_136440 | S | K-binding; ion channel; K transport |
Ferritin light chain | Smp_087760 | N | Fe-binding; cellular iron transport; storage |
22.6 kDa antigen (dynein light chain) | Smp_086470 | N | Ca-binding; EF-hand dom.; motor activity |
16 kDa egg antigen (SME16) | Smp_096390.2 | N | Ca-binding protein; EF-hand dom. |
Myoglobin 1-related | Smp_162360 | N | Fe-heme binding protein; oxygen transport |
Venom allergen-like proteins | |||
Venom allergen-like 2 (SmVAL2) | Smp_002630 | S | Sperm-coating protein (SCP)/TAPS domain family |
Venom allergen-like 3/23 (SmVAL 3/23) | Sm00763 | S | SCP-TAPS domain; cyst-rich proteinase inhibitor |
Venom allergen-like 9 (SmVAL 9) | Smp_176180 | S | SCP-TAPS domain family |
Venom allergen-like 15 (SmVAL15) | Smp_070250 | S | SCP-TAPS domain family |
Venom allergen-like 26/28 (SmVAL26/28) | Smp_154260 | S | SCP-TAPS domain family |
Venom allergen-like 27 (SmVAL27) | Smp_154290 | S | SCP-TAPS domain family |
Venom allergen-like 5/15 (SmVAL 5/15) | Smp_120670 | N | SCP-TAPS domain; CRISP-like subfam. glioma |