(A) Antibodies from new emigrant B cells from controls and patients
were tested by ELISA for reactivity against single-stranded DNA (ssDNA),
double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), insulin and lipopolysaccharide (LPS).
Antibodies are considered polyreactive when they recognize at least 2 and
usually all 4 antigens. Dotted lines show ED38-positive control (Wardemann et al., 2003). Horizontal
lines show cut-off OD405 for positive reactivity. For each
individual, the frequency of polyreactive and non polyreactive clones is
summarized in pie charts with the number of antibodies tested indicated in
the centers. The frequencies of polyreactive (B) and HEp-2-reactive (C) new
emigrant B cells are compared between controls and patients, and
statistically significant differences are indicated. Each diamond represents
an individual, and the average is shown with a bar.