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. 2009 Apr 1;23(7):798–803. doi: 10.1101/gad.519709

Figure 2.

Figure 2.

Correlation between negative feedback on mTOR activity and autophagy induction during stress-induced senescence. (A) ER:Ras-expressing cells were given 100 nM 4-OHT and assessed for SA-β-gal, BrdU incorporation, senescence-associated heterochromatic foci (SAHF) formation, and expression of the indicated proteins at the various time points. Each value of SAHF and BrdU represents the mean ± SEM. For SA-β-gal a representative value is shown. p16 and HMGA2 serve as markers of senescence. (B) Cells were synchronized in G0 using low serum conditions (0.1%), then released by adding 4-OHT together with serum (10%). Cyclin A; cell cycle marker. (C) DNA damage was induced by a 48-h Etoposide (100 μM) treatment. γH2AX, cyclin A, and HMGA2 serve as markers of DNA damage, cell cycle, and senescence, respectively.