Table 1.
Patient characteristicsa
| Overall (n = 419) | Level of Proteinuria
|
P value for trendb | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Normal (n = 101) | Significant (n = 258) | Nephrotic (n = 60) | |||
| Age, years | 11 [7,14] | 9 [7,13] | 11 [7,14] | 12 [9,15] | <0.01 |
| Male, % (n) | 62 (258) | 61 (62) | 62 (160) | 60 (36) | 0.90 |
| Race, % (n)f | 0.03c | ||||
| Caucasian | 68 (285) | 75 (76) | 68 (174) | 58 (35) | |
| African-American | 16 (67) | 13 (13) | 16 (41) | 22 (13) | |
| Multi-racial or other | 16 (66) | 12 (12) | 16 (42) | 20 (12) | |
| Hispanic ethnicityf | 14 (59) | 10 (10) | 15 (39) | 17 (10) | 0.17 |
| BMI | 18 [16, 21] | 17 [16, 20] | 18 [16, 21] | 20 [17, 23] | <0.01 |
| BMI standard deviation scoref | 0.36 [-0.38,1.19] | 0.24 [-0.41,0.91] | 0.32 [-0.43,1.25] | 0.66 [0.05,1.25] | 0.07 |
| Obese, BMI > 95th percentile (SDS)f | 16% (66) | 14% (14) | 17% (42) | 18% (10) | 0.46 |
| Serum albumin, g/dlf | 4.3 [4.1,4.5] | 4.4 [4.3,4.6] | 4.3 [4.1,4.5] | 3.9 [3.3,4.2] | <0.01 |
| Hypoalbuminemia (albumin <4 g/dl) | 14% (60) | 4% (4) | 9% (24) | 54% (32) | <0.01 |
| Glomerular CKD diagnosis, % (n) | 22% (91) | 12% (12) | 19% (50) | 48% (29) | <0.01 |
| Iohexol-based GFR, ml/min per 1.73 m2 | 42 [32,52] | 50 [38,59] | 43 [32,51] | 33 [28,40] | <0.01 |
| K-DOQI CKD Stage, % (n) | <0.01d | ||||
| I | <1% (3) | 1% (1) | <1% (2) | 0% (0) | |
| II | 15% (61) | 24% (24) | 13% (33) | 7% (4) | |
| III | 65% (274) | 65% (66) | 66% (171) | 62% (37) | |
| IV | 19% (81) | 10% (10) | 20% (52) | 32% (19) | |
| CKD duration, yearsf | 6 [3,10] | 6 [3,10] | 6 [3,10] | 7 [3,9] | 0.63 |
| Uncontrolled Systolic Hypertension, % (n)e,f | 14% (59) | 13% (13) | 14% (35) | 19% (11) | 0.35 |
| Uncontrolled Diastolic Hypertension, % (n)e,f | 15% (60) | 13% (13) | 13% (33) | 24% (14) | 0.10 |
| ACE-Inhibitor/ARB use, % (n) | 54% (228) | 51% (51) | 56% (144) | 55% (33) | 0.49 |
SDS, standard deviation score.
a
Median [IQR], unless otherwise noted.
b
P values for trend determined using: 1) Spearman Rank-Correlation for continuous and non-binary ordinal variables (e.g., CKD Stage), and 2) the Cochran-Armitage test for trends for dichotomous variables.
c
For Caucasian vs. non-Caucasian race.
d
Modeled as median iGFR for each K-DOQI stage of CKD.
e
Defined as BP ≥95th percentile for age, sex, and height.
f
Missing data: n = 11 missing systolic hypertension; n = 12 missing diastolic hypertension; n = 1 missing race; n = 5 missing ethnicity; n = 16 missing BMI percentile; n = 1 missing serum albumin; n = 1 missing BMI; n = 7 missing CKD duration.