FIGURE 2.

Effects of KLF5 on SMC proliferation and cell cycle progression. A, cell count of rat VSMCs transfected with adenoviral KLF5 and other constructs. Experiments were done in triplicate, and the error bar denotes S.D. (^**, p < 0.01). B, flow cytometric analysis on cell cycle distribution. C, effects on expression levels of cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, and other cellular factors analyzed by Western blot (C) and semiquantitative RT-PCR (D). Lanes 1-3 are under serum starvation and lanes 4-6 are 24 h after serum stimulation. Note that higher expression levels of cyclin D1 were seen in the KLF5 group, especially 24 h after stimulation. Amounts of loaded protein or RNA were confirmed with glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) blotting or 18 S ribosomal RNA transcripts. Adv, adenoviral.