Table 3.

Dimorphism in duration of effective breeding. (Note: body mass was significantly associated with dimorphism in effective breeding duration in non-phylogenetic tests (t₇=−3.20, p=0.015, two-tailed) and in tests based on independent contrasts (t₇=−3.74, p=0.007, two-tailed). Thus, analyses were conducted with a statistical model that included log female body mass and dimorphism in breeding duration as covariates. The t-statistics are given with sign indicating whether slopes were positive or negative, and p-values are based on directed tests (predicting a positive association between m : f dimorphism in effective breeding duration and m : f dimorphism in each of the cell types). Analyses based on nine species (eight independent contrasts).)

	non-phylogenetic test		independent contrasts
dimorphism in:	t-statistic	p-value	t-statistic	p-value
neutrophils	0.11	0.58	−0.14	0.69
monocytes	−2.38	0.14	−2.60	0.10
lymphocytes	3.14	0.013	2.77	0.02
eosinophils	0.49	0.40	0.75	0.30
basophils	2.56	0.027	3.59	0.007