Table 2.

Univariate and multivariate estimates of the association among age, BMI, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, age at menarche, oral contraceptive use, parity, menopausal status, HRT use and race and the log of plasma protein carbonyl levels among unaffected sisters.

Risk Factor		β (95% CI)*	β (95% CI)** n=326	β (95% CI)*** n=344
Age (years)	18–39	Reference	Reference
	40–49	−0.02 (−0.09, 0.05)	−0.03 (−0.10,0.05)
	50–59	−0.09 (−0.17, −0.01)	−0.07 (−0.04, 0.17)
	≥60	0.03 (−0.07, 0.13)	−0.01 (−0.16, 0.14)
BMI (kg/m2)	< 22.0	Reference	Reference
	22.0–24.3	−0.07 (−0.15, 0.01)	0.06 (−0.14, 0.03)
	24.4–27.9	−0.04 (−0.12, 0.04)	−0.03 (−0.11, 0.05)
	≥28.0	−0.05 (−0.13, 0.03)	−0.01 (−0.10, 0.07)
Cigarette Smoking Status	Never	Reference	Reference
	Ever	−0.004(−0.06,0.05)	−0.002 (−0.07, 0.06)
Regular Alcohol Consumption	No	Reference	Reference
	Yes	0.01 (−0.05,0.07)	−0.01 (−0.07,0.06)
Age at Menarche	<13	Reference	Reference	Reference
	≥13	−0.10(−0.15, −0.04) ‡	−0.07 (−0.13, −0.01) †	−0.08 (−0.14, −0.03)†
Oral Contraceptive Use	Nonusers	Reference	Reference
	Users	−0.03 (−0.09,0.03)	−0.02 (−0.08, 0.05)
Parity	Nulliparous	Reference	Reference
	Parous	−0.04 (−0.11,0.03)	−0.02(−0.09, 0.06)
Menopausal Status	Pre	Reference	Reference
	Post	−0.04 (−0.10, 0.02)	0.04 (−0.07, 0.15)
HRT	Nonusers	Reference	Reference	Reference
	Users	−0.16 (−0.23, −0.08)‡	−0.15 (−0.25, −0.05)‡	−0.14 (−0.21, −0.06)‡
Race	Caucasian	Reference	Reference	Reference
	Hispanic	−0.13 (−0.19, −0.07)‡	−0.15 (−0.22, −0.07)	−0.14 (−0.20, −0.07) †
	Other	−0.06 (−0.14, 0.03)	−0.09 (−0.19,0.01)	−0.06 (−0.14, 0.03)

^*Univariate, Age n=358, BMI n=353, Smoking status n= 358, Alcohol consumption n=357, Median age at menarche n=358, Oral contraceptive use n=356, Parity n=358, Menopausal status n=340, HRT use n=345, Race n=358.

^**Saturated Model

^***Best Model

^†p<0.01

^‡p<0.001