Table 3.
Effect of hop (Humulus lupulus L.) on plasma VFA, lactate, NEFA and glucose concentrations in sheep.
| Treatment* | SEM | P-value | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hop-diet | MH-diet | Diet | Time | Diet x Time | ||||||
| #BF | 2F | 4F | BF | 2F | 4F | |||||
| No. of sheep | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | ||||
| Total VFA (μmol/L) | 661 | 671 | 730 | 717 | 716 | 831 | 35 | 0.13 | 0.17 | 0.85 |
| Acetate (μmol/L) | 570 | 577 | 640 | 650 | 631 | 749 | 29 | 0.06 | 0.16 | 0.86 |
| Propionate (μmol/L) | 31 | 33 | 26 | 14 | 28 | 18 | 3.4 | 0.21 | 0.58 | 0.82 |
| Butyrate (μmol/L) | 13 | 18 | 19 | 11 | 14 | 16 | 1.4 | 0.13 | 0.05 | 0.90 |
| Iso-bytyrate (μmol/L) | 21 | 22 | 19 | 22 | 22 | 25 | 0.8 | 0.24 | 0.92 | 0.28 |
| Valerate (μmol/L) | 6 | 4 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 0.3 | 0.74 | 0.67 | 0.89 |
| Iso-valerate (μmol/L) | 19 | 16 | 20 | 15 | 16 | 18 | 0.8 | 0.50 | 0.71 | 0.76 |
| Lactate (mmol/L) | 0.31 | 0.23 | 0.28 | 0.30 | 0.25 | 0.34 | 0.02 | 0.38 | 0.08 | 0.51 |
| NEFA conc. (mEq/L) | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.18 | 0.20 | 0.25 | 0.20 | 0.01 | 0.70 | 0.13 | 0.45 |
| Glucose conc. (mmol/L) | 2.71 | 2.21 | 2.38 | 2.66 | 1.94 | 2.37 | 0.07 | 0.73 | <0.0001 | 0.95 |
*MH-diet= orchardgrass and reed canarygrass (60:40) hay; Hop-diet= MH-diet and hop (Humulus lupulus L.) (85:15); BF= before feeding; 2F= 2 hours after feeding; 4F= 4 hours after feeding; SEM= standard errors of the means; VFA= volatile fatty acids; NEFA= non-esterified fatty acids.