Table 3.
Odds Ratios (OR) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) for Different Factors, Adjusted by Age, Gender, and Body Mass Index.
| Orthostatic Hypotensive (n=71) OR (95% CI) | Orthostatic Hypertensive (n=67) OR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|
| HbA1c, 1% | 1.07 (0.88–1.31) | 0.96 (0.80–1.15) |
| QT index, 1% | 1.06 (1.01–1.11)* | 1.03 (0.97–1.08) |
| RMSSD, 1ms | 0.95 (0.92–0.98)* | 0.99 (0.97–1.01) |
| SDNN, 1ms | 0.95 (0.92–0.98)* | 0.98 (0.96–1.01) |
| Systolic blood pressure, 1 mmHg | 1.04 (1.02–1.06)* | 1.02 (1.01–1.04)* |
| Diastolic blood pressure, 1 mmHg | 1.07 (1.04–1.10)* | 1.03 (0.99–1.06) |
| Smoking, 1 packyear | 1.02 (1.01–1.03)* | 0.99 (0.97–1.02) |
| Alcohol consumption, 1oz/day | 1.95 (1.01–3.82)* | 1.65 (0.77–3.50) |
| Hypertension, present | 1.38 (0.68–2.80) | 1.20 (0.65–2.22) |
| Cardiovascular disease, present | 1.52 (0.87–2.65) | 0.81 (0.45–1.45) |
| Neuropathy, present | 1.63 (0.93–2.83) | 1.26 (0.72–2.20) |
| Nephropathy, present | 1.47 (0.81–2.69) | 0.98 (0.52–1.85) |
| NPDR, present | ||
| Moderate-severe NPDR vs. none-mild NPDR | 1.13 (0.44–2.91) | 0.90 (0.41–1.98) |
| Proliferative vs. none-mild NPDR | 2.21 (1.11–4.41)* | 1.21 (0.64–2.30) |
| Use of antihypertensive medication, current | 1.38 (0.76–2.50) | 1.40 (0.78–2.53) |
| Use of diuretics, current | 1.84 (1.01–3.38)* | 1.41 (0.75–2.65) |
Abbreviations: HbA1c=glycosylated hemoglobin; RMSSD=square root of the mean of squared differences of successive RR intervals; SDNN=standard deviation of successive RR intervals; NPDR=nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy
*
p<0.05