Figure 3. Cholinergic agonists improve tubular necrosis scores following renal I/R injury.
(a) Pretreatment with nicotine (Nic, 1 mg kg−1) or GTS-21 (10 mg kg−1) significantly attenuated the extent of renal injury. (b) The effect of increasing doses of nicotine on tubular necrosis scores after I/R injury is shown. Values are expressed as mean±s.e.m. (n = 5–7 rats per group). *P<0.05; **P<0.001.