Table 4.
Comparison of pathological features of the APPSw/NOS2−/− and the APPSwDI/NOS2−/− mice (52–56 weeks of age) and littermate control mice to humans with sporadic AD
| Pathology | Sporadic AD | NOS2−/− | APPSw (Tg2576) |
APPSwDI | APPSwNOS2−/− | APPSwDI NOS2−/− |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AβPP expression | Normal | Normal | High 5.5 X | Low ½ X | High 5.5X | Low ½ X |
| Aβ40/42 ratio | 9:1 | Non-pathologic | 1.5:1 | 11:1 | 6:1 | 17:1 |
| Mutated Tau | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| Hyperphosphorylated | High levels | Low Levels | Low Levels | Low Levels | High levels | High levels |
| Somatodendritic tau | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | Yes |
| Aggregated tau | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | Yes |
| Neuronal loss | Yes | No | No | No | Yes (27–35%) | Yes (30–40%) |
| CAA | Mild-Severe | No | Mild | Moderate | Mild-Moderate | Moderate-Severe |
| Memory Loss | Severe (at stage 4–5) | No | Mild | Mild | Severe | Severe |