Nef superinduces NFAT and NFκB activities in response to CD3 or CD28 stimulation. NFAT- (Top), NFκB- (Middle), and AP-1- (Bottom) luciferase plasmids were transfected into indicated cells, using a procedure similar to that described for Fig. 4 (without crosslinking). Without stimulation, Nef had no effect (not shown). Values are averages of two independent transfections. Open bars, uninduced cells; solid bar, induced cells.