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. 2009 Feb 18;89(4):1059–1067. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.2008.27182

TABLE 4.

Associations between milk intake and risk of type 2 diabetes1

Median intake Cases Person-years All participants Confirmed diabetes
g/d n n
Fresh milk
 None 0 1248 98,917.5 1.00 (reference) 1.00 (reference)
 <100 g/d 34.3 336 59,380.3 0.61 (0.54, 0.69)2 0.64 (0.55, 0.75)
 100–200 g/d 150.0 652 130,002.7 0.56 (0.50, 0.62) 0.64 (0.57, 0.72)
 >200 g/d 250.0 34 9443.9 0.46 (0.32, 0.64) 0.60 (0.41, 0.88)
P for trend <0.001 <0.001
Powdered milk
 No 0 1784 20,8921.9 1.00 (reference) 1.00 (reference)
 Yes 4.10 486 88,822.4 0.74 (0.67, 0.82) 0.85 (0.75, 0.96)
P for trend <0.001 <0.01
1

Adjusted for age, energy intake (in kcal/d), BMI (in kg/m2), waist-hip ratio, smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical activity, income level, education level, occupation, and hypertension. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess the effect of milk intake on the incidence of type 2 diabetes. Tests for trend were performed by entering the categorical variables as continuous parameters in the models.

2

Relative risk; 95% CI in parentheses (all such values).