TABLE 1.
Descriptive statistics and metabolic outcomes by percentage body fat status1
| Variable | Lean (n = 37) | Overweight (n = 22) | P |
| Male [n (%)]2 | 23 (62) | 15 (68) | 0.64 |
| African American [n (%)]2 | 25 (68) | 12 (55) | 0.32 |
| Tanner stage 1/2/3 (n)3 | 25/7/2 | 11/7/3 | 0.31 |
| Age (y) | 9.8 ± 1.64 | 10.1 ± 1.4 | 0.49 |
| Height (cm) | 139.9 ± 9.6 | 144.4 ± 10.3 | 0.10 |
| Weight (kg) | 33.1 ± 5.7 | 48.4 ± 13.7 | <0.001 |
| BMI percentile | 46.3 ± 27.1 | 87.5 ± 14.1 | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 16.8 ± 1.7 | 22.8 ± 4.1 | <0.001 |
| Total body fat (kg) | 5.6 ± 2.3 | 17.8 ± 7.7 | <0.001 |
| Lean body mass (kg) | 25.4 ± 4.5 | 28.3 ± 6.6 | 0.07 |
| Percentage body fat (%) | 17.2 ± 6.2 | 36.2 ± 7.3 | <0.001 |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 91.8 ± 6.3 [31] | 93.9 ± 7.6 [18] | 0.31 |
| Fasting insulin (μIU/mL) | 87.7 ± 27.0 [36] | 118.6 ± 38.1 [19] | 0.002 |
| SI [× 10−4min−1/(μIU/mL)]5 | 4.8 ± 2.7 [36] | 3.4 ± 0.4 [19] | 0.03 |
| AIRg5 | 701.2 ± 444.5 [33] | 1002.8 ± 624.8 [19] | 0.04 |
| TAAT (cm2) | 77.4 ± 36.6 [36] | 223.2 ± 91.4 [22] | <0.001 |
| IAAT (cm2) | 26.5 ± 13.3 [36] | 50.3 ± 20.1 [22] | <0.001 |
| SAAT (cm2) | 50.9 ± 26.2 [36] | 172.9 ± 75.9 [22] | <0.001 |
| Fasting CRP (mg/L) | 0.17 ± 0.21 [34] | 1.10 ± 1.11 [19] | <0.001 |
| Fasting IL-6 (pg/mL) | 0.76 ± 0.52 [36] | 1.42 ± 1.22 [21] | 0.005 |
| Fasting sTNF-R2 (ng/mL) | 4.21 ± 0.66 [34] | 4.80 ± 1.03 [21] | 0.02 |
n values in brackets. Girls with ≥30% body fat and boys with ≥25% body fat were classified as overweight. SI, insulin sensitivity index; AIRg, acute insulin response to glucose; TAAT, total abdominal adipose tissue; IAAT, intraabdominal adipose tissue; SAAT, subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue; CRP, C-reactive protein; IL-6, interleukin-6; sTNF-R2, soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor type 2. Differences between groups were determined by using a 2-group t test. Statistical analyses were performed on log-transformed data for total body fat, lean body mass, fasting insulin, AIRg, TAAT, IAAT, SAAT, fasting CRP, fasting IL-6, and fasting sTNF-R2.
Differences between groups were determined by using the 2-group chi-square test.
Differences between groups were determined by using Fisher's exact test.
Mean ± SD (all such values).
Reported as least-squares means ± SDs. Differences between groups were determined by using ANCOVA, with race as a covariate.