TABLE 2.
Bone mineral density in men by alcohol intake category1
| Alcohol intake (drinks/d)2 |
|||||||
| 0 | 0–0.5 | 0.5–1 | 1–2 | >2 | P (ANCOVA) | P for trend | |
| Total alcohol3 | |||||||
| No. of subjects | 220 | 333 | 191 | 201 | 237 | ||
| Total hip (g/cm2) | 1.033 (1.015, 1.051) | 1.026a (1.010, 1.041) | 1.035 (1.015, 1.054) | 1.068b (1.049, 1.087) | 1.046 (1.028, 1.064) | 0.008 | 0.048 |
| Femoral neck (g/cm2) | 0.970 (0.953, 0.987) | 0.957a (0.943, 0.972) | 0.965 (0.947, 0.983) | 0.994b (0.975, 1.011) | 0.979 (0.962, 0.997) | 0.02 | 0.055 |
| Trochanter (g/cm2) | 0.865a (0.848, 0.883) | 0.867a (0.851, 0.882) | 0.877 (0.859, 0.896) | 0.911b (0.893, 0.930) | 0.893 (0.875, 0.911) | 0.007 | 0.003 |
| Spine (g/cm2) | 1.337 (1.310, 1.365) | 1.304 (1.280, 1.327) | 1.335 (1.305, 1.364) | 1.328 (1.299, 1.357) | 1.339 (1.311, 1.368) | 0.20 | 0.25 |
| Beer34 | |||||||
| No. of subjects | 412 | 504 | 127 | 46 | 93 | ||
| Total hip (g/cm2) | 1.025 (1.011, 1.039) | 1.044 (1.031, 1.057) | 1.050 (1.026, 1.073) | 1.071 (1.033, 1.109) | 1.055 (1.026, 1.084) | 0.05 | 0.03 |
| Femoral neck (g/cm2) | 0.960 (0.947, 0.973) | 0.972 (0.960, 0.985) | 0.986 (0.963, 1.008) | 0.997 (0.960, 1.033) | 0.988 (0.960, 1.014) | 0.10 | 0.03 |
| Trochanter (g/cm2) | 0.862 (0.848, 0.875) | 0.886 (0.873, 0.899) | 0.890 (0.867, 0.914) | 0.922 (0.884, 0.959) | 0.904 (0.876, 0.932) | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Spine (g/cm2) | 1.320 (1.299, 1.341) | 1.324 (1.304, 1.344) | 1.329 (1.293, 1.365) | 1.366 (1.308, 1.425) | 1.353 (1.310, 1.397) | 0.46 | 0.09 |
| Wine34 | |||||||
| No. of subjects | 493 | 467 | 122 | 61 | 39 | ||
| Total hip (g/cm2) | 1.038 (1.025, 1.050) | 1.035 (1.022, 1.049) | 1.058 (1.034, 1.082) | 1.038 (1.005, 1.072) | 1.059 (1.016, 1.102) | 0.46 | 0.23 |
| Femoral neck (g/cm2) | 0.970 (0.958, 0.982) | 0.970 (0.957, 0.983) | 0.988 (0.965, 1.011) | 0.961 (0.929, 0.993) | 0.974 (0.933, 1.015) | 0.60 | 0.80 |
| Trochanter (g/cm2) | 0.874 (0.861, 0.886) | 0.878 (0.865, 0.891) | 0.902 (0.878, 0.926) | 0.893 (0.860, 0.926) | 0.910 (0.868, 0.953) | 0.14 | 0.02 |
| Spine (g/cm2) | 1.327 (1.308, 1.347) | 1.313 (1.292, 1.333) | 1.357 (1.320, 1.394) | 1.314 (1.263, 1.364) | 1.398 (1.333, 1.464) | 0.04 | 0.046 |
| Liquor34 | |||||||
| No. of subjects | 582 | 428 | 89 | 45 | 60 | ||
| Total hip (g/cm2) | 1.038 (1.027, 1.051) | 1.034 (1.021, 1.048) | 1.065 (1.034, 1.082) | 1.039a (1.037, 1.093) | 1.009b (0.976, 1.043) | 0.008 | 0.86 |
| Femoral neck (g/cm2) | 0.971 (0.959, 0.982) | 0.967 (0.954, 0.980) | 1.000 (0.974, 1.027) | 1.007 (0.971, 1.044) | 0.945 (0.913, 0.976) | 0.02 | 0.93 |
| Trochanter (g/cm2) | 0.878 (0.866, 0.890) | 0.879 (0.865, 0.892) | 0.898 (0.871, 0.926) | 0.926a (0.888, 0.963) | 0.850b (0.816, 0.883) | 0.03 | 0.95 |
| Spine (g/cm2) | 1.332 (1.314, 1.336) | 1.315 (1.294, 1.336) | 1.370a (1.328, 1.400) | 1.342 (1.283, 1.400) | 1.276b (1.225, 1.327) | 0.04 | 0.33 |
1
All values are least-squares means (95% CIs). Values in the same row with different superscript letters are significantly different, P < 0.05.
2
One drink = 13.2 g alcohol.
3
Adjusted for age, sex, smoking, osteoporosis medication use, BMI, height, physical activity, and calcium, vitamin D, magnesium, protein, and total energy intakes.
4
Also adjusted for grams of alcohol from other sources.