Table 3.
Cost inputs: US perspective
| Values | Units | Reference | |
| Discount rates | |||
| Discount clinical | 0.00 | 41 | |
| Discount costs | 0.03 | 41 | |
| Management costs | |||
| Annual statins | 947.74 | US$ | 42 |
| Annual cost aspirin | 23.01 | US$ | 42 |
| Annual cost ACE | 426.21 | US$ | 42 |
| Annual cost screening for microalbuminuria | 18.62 | US$ | 10 |
| Annual cost screening for GFR | 27.4 | US$ | 10 |
| Stopping ACEs due to adverse events | 0 | US$ | NA |
| Annual cost of eye screening | 82.18 | US$ | 10 |
| Foot screening program (monthly based) | 0 | US$ | NA |
| Non-standard ulcer treatment (e.g. topical becaplermin) (monthly based) | 167.64 | US$ | 43 |
| Costs for CVD complications | |||
| MI year 1 | 37,421 | US$ | 10 |
| MI year 2 and onwards | 2,069 | US$ | 10 |
| Angina year 1 | 7,424 | US$ | 10 |
| Angina year 2 and onwards | 1,917 | US$ | 10 |
| CHF year 1 | 3,214 | US$ | 10 |
| CHF year 2 and onwards | 3,214 | US$ | 10 |
| Stroke year 1 | 49,556 | US$ | 10 |
| Stroke year 2 and onwards | 16,539 | US$ | 10 |
| Stroke death within 30 days | 0 | US$ | NA |
| PVD year 1 | 4,707 | US$ | 44 |
| PVD year 2 and onwards | 4,707 | US$ | 44 |
| Costs: renal complications | |||
| Hemodialysis costs year 1 | 45,638 | US$ | 10 |
| Annual costs HD year 2 and onwards | 45,638 | US$ | 10 |
| Peritoneal dialysis costs year 1 | 45,638 | US$ | 10 |
| Annual costs PD year 2 and onwards | 45,638 | US$ | 10 |
| Renal transplant costs year 1 | 45,638 | US$ | 10 |
| Annual costs year 2 and onwards | 0 | US$ | NA |
| Costs: acute events | |||
| Major hypoglycemic event | 1,191 | US$ | 10 |
| Ketoacidosis event | 13,404 | US$ | 10 |
| Lactic acid event | 0 | US$ | NA |
| Costs: eye disease | |||
| Laser treatment | 834 | US$ | 10 |
| Cataract operation | 2,655 | US$ | 10 |
| Annual costs following cataract operation | 0 | US$ | 44 |
| Blindness year 1 | 4,039 | US$ | 10 |
| Blindness year 2 and onwards | 4,039 | US$ | 10 |
| Costs neuropathy/foot ulcer/amputation | |||
| Neuropathy year 1 | 408 | US$ | 10 |
| Neuropathy year 2 and onwards | 408 | US$ | 10 |
| Amputation (event-based) | 33,257 | US$ | 10 |
| Amputation prosthesis (event based) | 1,195 | US$ | 10 |
| Gangrene treatment (monthly based) | 6,240 | US$ | 45 |
| After healed ulcer (yearly based) | 0 | US$ | NA |
| Infected ulcer (monthly based) | 3,198 | US$ | 45 |
| Standard uninfected ulcer (monthly based) | 1,769 | US$ | 45 |
| Healed ulcer history of amputation (yearly based) | 0 | US$ | NA |
ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; CHF, congestive heart failure; CVD, cardiovascular disease; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; MI, myocardial infarction; PVD, peripheral vascular disease.