Table 1.
Characteristics of men in 2002 wave of Chinese longitudinal healthy longevity survey by level of frailty. Values are percentages of participants unless stated otherwise
| Variables | Total | Frailty index (fourths) | P value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st (least frail) | 2nd | 3rd | 4th (most frail) | |||
| No of participants | 5904 | 1499 | 1561 | 1473 | 1371 | |
| Survivors* | 61.9 | 84.9 | 75.1 | 56.6 | 28.7 | 0† |
| Type of death‡: | ||||||
| <30 bedridden days with no suffering | 13.3 | 5.1 | 8.7 | 16.3 | 23.6 | |
| <30 bedridden days with suffering | 11.2 | 5.9 | 8.1 | 13.5 | 17.9 | |
| ≥30 bedridden days with no suffering | 6.2 | 1.5 | 3.5 | 6.4 | 14.1 | |
| ≥30 bedridden days with suffering | 7.4 | 2.7 | 4.7 | 7.2 | 15.7 | |
| Age group (years): | ||||||
| 65-79 | 35.9 | 63.5 | 46.3 | 21.7 | 8.9 | 0† |
| 80-89 | 31.4 | 25.1 | 34.9 | 37.3 | 28.3 | |
| 90-99 | 23.4 | 9.5 | 14.9 | 30.1 | 40.0 | |
| ≥100 | 9.4 | 1.9 | 4.0 | 10.9 | 22.8 | |
| Ethnicity: | ||||||
| Minority group | 5.5 | 7.3 | 5.3 | 5.0 | 4.1 | 0.001 |
| Han | 94.5 | 92.7 | 94.7 | 95.0 | 95.9 | |
| Residence: | ||||||
| Urban | 43.5 | 44.4 | 42.3 | 42.8 | 44.5 | 0.549 |
| Rural | 56.5 | 55.6 | 57.7 | 57.2 | 55.5 | |
| Years of schooling: | ||||||
| 0 | 34.9 | 24.8 | 32.8 | 39.2 | 43.4 | 0 |
| ≥1 | 65.1 | 75.2 | 67.2 | 60.8 | 56.6 | |
| White collar occupation: | ||||||
| No | 85.1 | 82.0 | 83.5 | 87.2 | 88.3 | 0 |
| Yes | 14.9 | 18.0 | 16.5 | 12.8 | 11.7 | |
| Economic independence: | ||||||
| No | 59.2 | 46,6 | 51.8 | 66.3 | 73.9 | 0 |
| Yes | 40.8 | 53.4 | 48.2 | 33.7 | 26.1 | |
| Good family economic status: | ||||||
| No | 81.4 | 79.2 | 78.7 | 82.4 | 85.7 | 0 |
| Yes | 18.6 | 20.8 | 21.3 | 17.6 | 14.3 | |
| Adequate medication: | ||||||
| No | 9.5 | 4.6 | 7.2 | 9.4 | 17.7 | 0 |
| Yes | 90.5 | 95.4 | 92.8 | 90.6 | 82.3 | |
| Married: | ||||||
| No | 53.3 | 37.1 | 46.1 | 61.8 | 69.5 | 0 |
| Yes | 46.7 | 62.9 | 53.9 | 38.2 | 30.5 | |
| Close proximity to children: | ||||||
| No | 18.4 | 17.3 | 17.0 | 19.3 | 20.1 | 0.014 |
| Yes | 81.6 | 82.7 | 83.0 | 80.7 | 79.9 | |
| Religious involvement: | ||||||
| No | 88.3 | 85.2 | 87.1 | 88.0 | 93.4 | 0 |
| Yes | 11.7 | 14.8 | 12.9 | 12.0 | 6.6 | |
| Regular exercise: | ||||||
| No | 59.3 | 48.5 | 51.1 | 57.0 | 82.7 | 0 |
| Yes | 40.7 | 51.5 | 48.9 | 43.0 | 17.3 | |
| Smoked in past five years: | ||||||
| No | 56.7 | 51.5 | 51.8 | 58.8 | 65.6 | 0 |
| Yes | 43.3 | 48.5 | 48.2 | 41.1 | 34.4 | |
*Measured in 2005.
†Based on standard Pearson χ2 two sided test; all other P values were based on Kendall’s τ test.
‡Measured between 2002 and 2005.