Table 2.
Characteristics of women in 2002 wave of Chinese longitudinal healthy longevity survey by level of frailty. Values are percentages of participants unless stated otherwise
| Variables | Total | Frailty index (fourths) | P value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st (least frail) | 2nd | 3rd | 4th (most frail) | |||
| No of participants | 7813 | 1981 | 1901 | 2074 | 1857 | |
| Survivors* | 56.0 | 86.1 | 68.2 | 45.4 | 25.5 | 0† |
| Type of death‡: | ||||||
| <30 bedridden days with no suffering | 15.7 | 4.2 | 11.3 | 20.6 | 25.4 | |
| <30 bedridden days with suffering | 10.1 | 4.9 | 9.6 | 12.2 | 13.5 | |
| ≥30 bedridden days with no suffering | 10.0 | 1.7 | 5.5 | 11.7 | 21.1 | |
| ≥30 bedridden days with suffering | 8.3 | 3.1 | 5.4 | 10.1 | 14.5 | |
| Age group(years): | ||||||
| 65-79 | 26.7 | 62.8 | 28.6 | 8.4 | 3.7 | 0† |
| 80-89 | 23.4 | 24.4 | 31.9 | 21.6 | 16.9 | |
| 90-99 | 24.0 | 9.1 | 24.2 | 32.7 | 31.2 | |
| ≥100 | 25.9 | 3.6 | 15.4 | 37.3 | 48.2 | |
| Ethnicity: | ||||||
| Minority group | 6.4 | 8.0 | 7.2 | 5.6 | 4.6 | 0.001 |
| Han | 93.6 | 92.0 | 92.8 | 94.4 | 95.4 | |
| Residence: | ||||||
| Urban | 43.1 | 43.5 | 41.0 | 43.8 | 43.9 | 0.777 |
| Rural | 56.9 | 56.5 | 59.0 | 56.2 | 56.1 | |
| Years of schooling: | ||||||
| 0 | 83.2 | 73.9 | 83.3 | 87.4 | 87.7 | 0 |
| ≥1 | 16.8 | 26.1 | 16.7 | 12.6 | 12.3 | |
| White collar occupation: | ||||||
| No | 97.1 | 95.3 | 96.9 | 98.0 | 98.2 | 0 |
| Yes | 2.9 | 4.7 | 3.1 | 2.0 | 1.8 | |
| Economic independence: | ||||||
| No | 87.4 | 73.1 | 86.6 | 93.6 | 96.0 | 0 |
| Yes | 12.6 | 26.9 | 13.4 | 6.4 | 4.0 | |
| Good family economic status: | ||||||
| No | 84.0 | 81.2 | 82.9 | 85.1 | 87.7 | 0 |
| Yes | 16.0 | 19.8 | 17.1 | 14.9 | 12.3 | |
| Adequate medication: | ||||||
| No | 13.1 | 6.6 | 11.3 | 14.2 | 20.0 | 0 |
| Yes | 86.9 | 93.4 | 88.7 | 85.8 | 80.0 | |
| Married: | ||||||
| No | 83.7 | 63.1 | 81.5 | 93.4 | 96.0 | 0 |
| Yes | 16.3 | 36.9 | 18.5 | 6.6 | 4.0 | |
| Close proximity to children: | ||||||
| No | 15.7 | 13.5 | 15.0 | 17.0 | 17.1 | 0.010 |
| Yes | 84.3 | 86.5 | 85.0 | 83.0 | 82.9 | |
| Religious involvement: | ||||||
| No | 79.1 | 70.5 | 73.1 | 83.0 | 89.4 | 0 |
| Yes | 20.9 | 29.5 | 26.9 | 17.0 | 10.6 | |
| Regular exercise: | ||||||
| No | 75.7 | 60.5 | 68.3 | 80.5 | 93.3 | 0 |
| Yes | 24.3 | 39.5 | 31.7 | 19.5 | 6.7 | |
| Smoked in past five years: | ||||||
| No | 90.3 | 89.4 | 90.5 | 90.1 | 91.4 | 0.033 |
| Yes | 9.7 | 10.6 | 9.5 | 9.9 | 8.6 | |
*Measured in 2005.
†Based on standard Pearson χ2 two sided test; all other P values were based on Kendall’s τ test.
‡Measured between 2002 and 2005.