TABLE 3.
Multivariate relative risks and 95% CIs of site-specific cancers according to quintiles of total quantified flavonoid intake1
| Quintiles of total quantified flavonoid intake |
||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | P for linear trend2 | |
| Breast cancer | ||||||
| No. of cases | 270 | 299 | 266 | 258 | 258 | |
| Multivariate adjusted3 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.10 (0.92, 1.32) | 1.03 (0.86, 1.24) | 0.97 (0.80, 1.18) | 1.03 (0.85, 1.25) | 0.79 |
| Colorectal cancer | ||||||
| No. of cases | 68 | 58 | 50 | 61 | 68 | |
| Multivariate adjusted4 | 1.00 (reference) | 0.89 (0.61, 1.29) | 0.68 (0.46, 1.02) | 0.88 (0.60, 1.29) | 1.01 (0.68, 1.49) | 0.47 |
| Lung cancer | ||||||
| No. of cases | 63 | 44 | 43 | 44 | 47 | |
| Multivariate adjusted | 1.00 (reference) | 0.85 (0.57, 1.28) | 0.80 (0.52, 1.23) | 0.93 (0.60, 1.43) | 1.03 (0.67, 1.58) | 0.56 |
| Endometrial cancer | ||||||
| No. of cases | 47 | 58 | 49 | 55 | 50 | |
| Multivariate adjusted3 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.17 (0.77, 1.76) | 1.00 (0.64, 1.55) | 1.18 (0.76, 1.83) | 1.15 (0.73, 1.82) | 0.61 |
| Ovarian cancer | ||||||
| No. of cases | 22 | 30 | 27 | 30 | 32 | |
| Multivariate adjusted3 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.20 (0.68, 2.10) | 0.86 (0.47, 1.58) | 0.96 (0.52, 1.76) | 1.09 (0.60, 2.01) | 0.86 |
Model adjusted for age (continuous); race (white, nonwhite); total energy intake (continuous); randomized treatment assignment (aspirin, vitamin E, β-carotene, or corresponding placebos); smoking (never; former; current, <15 cigarettes/d; current, ≥15 cigarettes/d); alcohol use (0, >0 to <5, 5 to <15, ≥15 g/d), physical activity (<200, 200 to <600, 600 to <1500, ≥1500 kcal/wk); postmenopausal status (yes, no, uncertain); hormone replacement therapy use (never, former, current); multivitamin use (never, former, current); BMI (continuous); family history of colorectal cancer, ovary cancer, and breast cancer (yes, no); and intake of fruit and vegetables, fiber, folate, and saturated fat (continuous).
Linear trends were tested by using the median value of each category as an ordinal variable.
Models additionally adjusted for age at menarche (continuous), number of pregnancies lasting ≥6 mo (continuous), age at first pregnancy lasting ≥6 mo (<19, 20–24, 25–29, ≥30 y), and oral contraceptive use (yes, no).
Models additionally adjusted for history of benign colorectal polyps (yes, no).