TABLE 1.
Characteristics of controls and case participants with specialized intestinal metaplasia (SIM), visible Barrett's esophagus (VBE), and long-segment Barrett's esophagus (LSBE)
| Characteristic | Controls (n = 182) | SIM cases (n = 170) | VBE cases (n = 87) | LSBE cases (n = 48) |
| Sex [n (%)] | ||||
| Male | 113 (62) | 98 (58) | 62 (71) | 36 (75) |
| Female | 69 (38) | 72 (42) | 25 (29) | 12 (25) |
| Race and ethnicity [n (%)] | ||||
| Non–Hispanic white | 162 (89) | 142 (83) | 78 (90) | 47 (98) |
| Hispanic | 4 (2) | 8 (5) | 3 (3) | 0 (0) |
| Other | 16 (9) | 20 (12) | 6 (7) | 1 (2) |
| Educational attainment [n (%)] | ||||
| <3 y of college | 76 (42) | 91 (54) | 44 (50) | 34 (71) |
| 3–4 y of college | 58 (32) | 45 (26) | 25 (29) | 11 (23) |
| ≥5 y of college | 48 (26) | 34 (20) | 18 (21) | 3 (6) |
| Annual income [n (%)]1 | ||||
| <$45,000 | 54 (31) | 50 (32) | 25 (32) | 16 (36) |
| $45,000–$74,999 | 51 (29) | 48 (31) | 22 (28) | 14 (32) |
| ≥$75,000 | 70 (40) | 57 (37) | 32 (40) | 14 (32) |
| Health insurance coverage, past 12 mo [n (%)] | ||||
| Yes | 173 (95) | 162 (95) | 82 (94) | 43 (90) |
| No | 9 (5) | 8 (5) | 5 (6) | 5 (10) |
| Medical care attainment difficulty, past 12 mo [n (%)] | ||||
| Yes | 178 (98) | 165 (97) | 85 (98) | 46 (96) |
| No | 4 (2) | 5 (3) | 2 (2) | 2 (4) |
| Cigarette use [n (%)] | ||||
| Ever used | 88 (48) | 108 (64) | 52 (60) | 33 (69) |
| Never used | 94 (52) | 62 (36) | 35 (40) | 15 (31) |
| Heartburn [n (%)]2 | ||||
| Up to once per week | 131 (72) | 39 (23) | 22 (25) | 10 (21) |
| Once per week or more | 50 (28) | 131 (77) | 65 (75) | 38 (79) |
| Regurgitation [n (%)]3 | ||||
| Up to once per week | 159 (89) | 100 (59) | 60 (69) | 32 (67) |
| Once per week or more | 20 (11) | 70 (41) | 27 (31) | 16 (33) |
| Age (y) | 53.3 ± 12.34 | 54.4 ± 12.9 | 54.1 ± 12.1 | 56.1 ± 13.3 |
| BMI (kg/m2)5 | 28.0 ± 5.3 | 29.6 ± 5.4 | 29.4 ± 5.3 | 30.1 ± 5.2 |
| Waist-to-hip ratio6 | 0.89 ± 0.12 | 0.90 ± 0.11 | 0.92 ± 0.08 | 0.94 ± 0.07 |
| Energy intake (kcal/d) | 1679.7 ± 703 | 1724.5 ± 703 | 1813.6 ± 729 | 1869.1 ± 698 |
| Vegetable intake (servings/d) | 1.8 ± 1.1 | 1.6 ± 1.1 | 1.5 ± 1.1 | 1.4 ± 0.91 |
| Fruit intake (servings/d) | 1.4 ± 1.2 | 1.2 ± 1.2 | 1.3 ± 1.4 | 1.2 ± 1.4 |
| Vegetable and fruit intake (servings/d) | 3.3 ± 1.8 | 2.8 ± 1.9 | 2.7 ± 2.1 | 2.6 ± 2.1 |
1
Control: n = 175; SIM cases: n = 155; VBE cases: n = 79; LSBE cases: n = 44.
2
Control: n = 181.
3
Control: n = 179.
4
Arithmetic mean ± SD (all such values).
5
Control: n = 180.
6
Control: n = 177; SIM cases: n = 168.