TABLE 3.
Odds Ratios (ORs) for 87-Month Criminality, Institutionalization, Substance Use, and Mental Health Outcomes for Adult Participants Remaining at Final Interview: Los Angeles, CA, 2006–2007
| Race/Ethnicitya |
|||||
| No. (%) | Female, OR | Black, OR | White, OR | Other, OR | |
| Total | 383 (100.0) | ||||
| Criminal behavior (previous year) | |||||
| Any criminal behavior | 253 (66.1) | 0.5* | 1.5 | 1.3 | 0.8 |
| Arrested, charged, and booked | 145 (37.9) | 0.2* | 1 | 1.1 | 1.1 |
| Jail or prison (previous 90 days) | |||||
| None | 211 (55.1) | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| 1–89 days | 78 (20.4) | 0.1* | 1.3 | 0.9 | 1.2 |
| 90 days | 94 (24.5) | 0.2* | 1.6 | 0.5 | 0.8 |
| Criminal behavior (previous 90 days)b | |||||
| Any criminal activity | 171 (59.2) | 0.6 | 1.5 | 1.4 | 0.7 |
| Vandalism | 23 (8.0) | … | … | … | … |
| Possession of stolen goods | 21 (7.3) | … | … | … | … |
| Forgery | 4 (1.4) | … | … | … | … |
| Larceny-theft (from a store) | 30 (10.4) | … | … | … | … |
| Larceny-theft (not from a store) | 21 (7.3) | … | … | … | … |
| Burglary | 8 (2.8) | … | … | … | … |
| Car theft | 6 (2.1) | … | … | … | … |
| Robbery | 7 (2.4) | … | … | … | … |
| Simple assault | 75 (26.0) | … | … | … | … |
| Aggravated assault | 23 (8.0) | … | … | … | … |
| Armed robbery | 2 (0.7) | … | … | … | … |
| Rape | 0 (0.0) | … | … | … | … |
| Murder | 1 (0.3) | … | … | … | … |
| Arson | 1 (0.3) | … | … | … | … |
| DUI | 84 (29.1) | … | … | … | … |
| Drug sales | 42 (14.5) | … | … | … | … |
| Prostitution | 7 (2.4) | … | … | … | … |
| Illegal gambling | 56 (19.4) | … | … | … | … |
| Drug use (previous year) | |||||
| Tobacco | 259 (67.6) | 0.8 | 0.8 | 1.8 | 1.2 |
| Alcohol until drunk | 256 (66.8) | 0.5* | 0.6* | 1.2 | 1.1 |
| Any illegal drug | 250 (65.3) | 1.1 | 1 | 1.2 | 1.1 |
| Hard drug use | 137 (35.8) | 0.8 | 0.6 | 1.7 | 0.8 |
| Substance dependence and abuse (previous year) | |||||
| Drug or alcohol abuse | 81 (21.1) | 0.4 | 1 | 1 | 0.6 |
| Drug or alcohol dependence | 103 (26.9) | 1.1 | 0.3* | 1.4 | 1.1 |
| Mental health (previous 90 days) | |||||
| Major depressive disorder | 128 (33.4) | 1.1 | 1.2 | 2.3* | 0.9 |
| Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder | 75 (19.6) | 0.7 | 1.1 | 2.3* | 1.8 |
Note. DUI = driving under the influence (of alcohol). Ellipses indicate outcomes for which gender and racial/ethnic differences were not examined.
a
Hispanics were the reference group.
b
Persons who spent the previous 90 days in prison or jail were excluded.
*
P ≤ .05.